摘要:
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are the cornerstone of organic chemistry. A new class of ligands was developed for transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These phosphine-urea ligands incorporate a urea subunit into the backbone of the ligand, which is designed to bind to the organometallic coupling partner and simultaneously facilitate and direct transmetalation of the nucleophile. Synthetic routes were designed and executed to synthesize phosphine-urea ligands. These ligands catalyze a wide variety of cross-coupling reactions including Suzuki, Negishi, and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-couplings. Aryl-aryl, alkyl-aryl, and alkyl-alkyl C—C cross-couplings are performed successfully with these ligands. In addition, specific chiral phosphine-urea ligands catalyze Negishi cross-couplings enantioselectively from a racemic alkylzinc nucleophile.