Imidazolines as efficacious glucose-dependent stimulators of insulin secretion
摘要:
Synthesis of a series of imidazolines with glucose dependent effects on insulin exocytosis from pancreatic P-cells is reported. Regioisomers and enantionters were found to exhibit marked differences in exocytotic effects as well as different activities on the K-ATP-channel- the (R (+)) isomer of 2-[2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-thiophene-2-ylethyl]pyridine (4a) and the (+) isomer of 2-[2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-thiophene-3-yiethyl]pyridine (4d) were found to give a significant increase in insulin release in contrast to Findings for their enantiomers-without influence on the K-ATP-channel. The (+) isomer (4a) showed glucose dependent insulin release from P-cells at concentrations above 2.5 mM and a marked glucose lowering effect in ob/ob mice as well as in fed but not in fasted rats. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.
2-Pyridyl and 3-pyridylzinc bromides: direct preparation and coupling reaction
作者:Seung-Hoi Kim、Reuben D. Rieke
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.061
日期:2010.4
A facile synthetic approach to the direct preparation of 2-pyridyl and 3-pyridylzinc bromides has been demonstrated usingRieke zinc with 2-bromopyridine and 3-bromopyridine, respectively. A variety of different electrophiles have been coupled with the resulting organozinc reagents to give the corresponding cross-coupling products in moderate to good yields.
A Facile Synthetic Approach to the Preparation of 3-Pyridyl Derivatives: Preparations and Coupling Reactions of 3-Pyridylzinc and Its Analogues
作者:Reuben Rieke、Seung-Hoi Kim、Tim Slocum
DOI:10.1055/s-0029-1217000
日期:2009.11
A facile synthetic approach to the direct preparation of 3-pyridylzinc bromide has been demonstrated usingRieke zinc with 3-bromopyridine in the presence of a catalytic amount of lithium chloride. A variety of different electrophiles have been coupled to give the corresponding cross-coupling products in moderate to good yields. Also, this methodology has been expanded to the preparation of the corresponding
Pd(OAc)2/di-1-adamantyl-n-butylphosphine (cataCXium A) is highly active in the three-component Suzuki carbonylation and represents the most general catalyst system reported up to now. A broad range of aryl/heteroarylbromides and aryl boronic acids can be coupled to the corresponding diarylketones at low catalyst loadings.
Ligand-Free Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Cross-Coupling Reactions under Atmospheric Pressure of Carbon Monoxide: Synthesis of Aryl Ketones and Heteroaromatic Ketones
作者:Hongling Li、Min Yang、Yanxing Qi、Jijun Xue
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201001685
日期:2011.5
The carbonylative Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of boronic acids with aryl iodides catalyzed by Pd 2 (dba) 3 as a ligand-free catalyst under atmospheric pressure of carbonmonoxide has been firstly developed. Under mild reaction conditions, a broad range of aryl/heteroaryl iodides and aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids were selectively coupled to afford the corresponding diaryl ketones in good to excellent
Compounds of formula (I) which are optionally substituted 2-(&ohgr;,&ohgr;-diarylalkyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoles and 2-(&ohgr;,&ohgr;-diarylalkyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines and salts thereof with inorganic and organic acids have interesting pharmacological properties. Thus, the compounds are useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.