Synthesis and antitumor activity of new amphiphilic alkylglycerolipids substituted with a polar head group, 2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl or a congeneric oligo(ethyleneoxy)ethyl group.
作者:Kiyoshi UKAWA、Eiko IMAMIYA、HIroaki YAMAMOTO、Tetsuya AONO、Yoshio KOZAI、Tetsuya OKUTANI、Hiroaki NOMURA、Yoshio HONMA、Motoo HOZUMI、Ichiro KUDO、Keizo INOUE
DOI:10.1248/cpb.37.3277
日期:——
A new series of amphiphilic 1-octadecyl glycerolipids (eleven compounds, 1a-k) were designed and synthesized, in which the 3-phosphocholine portion of platelet-activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) was replaced by the 2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl group and congeneric groups having oligo(ethyleneoxy)ethyl bridges of various lengths at position 3, together with modification at position 2 (lower alkyl, acetonyl, acetoacetyl, carboxymethyl and pyrimidin-2-yl groups). These ether lipids, characterized by a nonphosphorus lysoglycerolipid structure, showed potent antitumor activity in vitro (human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60, and human epidermoid carcinoma cells, KB) and in vivo (mouse sarcoma S180 and mouse mammary carcinoma MM46). Maximal in vitro potency was obtained with 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(2-pyrimidinyl)-3-O-[2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl]glycerol (1g; IC50 values for both HL-60 and KB were 0.32 μg/ml, indicating a higher activity than alkyl-lysophospholipid, ET18-OMe). Several appropriately 2-substituted 1-octadecylglycerolipids with the 3-[2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl]group (e.g., methyl, 1b; butyl, 1f; 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl, 1g; and acetonyl, 1k) showed a potent life-span-prolonging effect on mice with ascites sarcoma S180 and on those with mammary carcinoma MM46, when administered intraperitoneally at 16.5 and 12.5 mg/kg/d, respectively. Compounds 1b and 1k showed definite tumor growth inhibition against solid sarcoma S180 in mice, whether given p.o. or i.v. at 16.5 gm/kg/d. Studies on the structure-activity relationships indicate that the metabolic stability to phospholipase C or related enzymes is at least partly responsible for the potent antitumor activity of this series of ether lipids.
设计并合成了一系列新型的十八烷基甘油醚脂(11个化合物,1a-k),其中血小板活化因子(1-烷基-2-乙酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酸胆碱,PAF)的3-磷酸胆碱部分被2-(2-三甲基铵乙氧基)乙基和连接在3位的不同长度的聚(乙二醇)乙基桥的同系物所替代,同时在2位进行了修饰(低级烷基、乙酮基、乙酰乙酰基、羧甲基和吡啶-2-基等基团)。这些具有无磷酸的溶血甘油醚脂结构的醚脂,在体外(人早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60和人表皮癌KB细胞)和体内(小鼠肉瘤S180和小鼠乳腺癌MM46)均显示出强大的抗癌活性。其中,1-O-十八烷基-2-O-(2-吡啶基)-3-O-[2-(2-三甲基铵乙氧基)乙基]甘油(1g;IC50值,HL-60和KB均为0.32 μg/ml)显示最高的体外活性,超过了烷基溶血磷脂ET18-OMe。几个在2位适当修饰的1-十八烷基甘油醚脂,带有3-[2-(2-三甲基铵乙氧基)乙基]基团(例如,甲基,1b;丁基,1f;2,2,2-三氟乙基,1g;和乙酮基,1k)对腹水型肉瘤S180小鼠和乳腺癌MM46小鼠显示出强大的延命效果,分别以16.5和12.5 mg/kg/d的剂量腹腔注射给予。化合物1b和1k对实体型肉瘤S180小鼠显示出确定的肿瘤生长抑制效果,无论口服还是静脉注射给药,剂量均为16.5 gm/kg/d。结构-活性关系的研究表明,这一系列醚脂的强大抗癌活性至少部分归因于它们对磷脂酶C或相关酶的代谢稳定性。