calcium peroxide

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱土金属有机物
• 英文名称: calcium peroxide
• 英文别名: calcium;peroxide
• 化学式: CaO₂
• 分子量: 72.0768
• InChiKey: LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.76
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  46.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：过氧化钙是一种白色或微黄色的粉末。它用作橡胶的稳定剂。其他用途包括种子消毒剂、牙膏、面团调节剂、消毒剂、油类的漂白、淀粉的改性、高温氧化。过氧化钙的一个重要应用是用于固化双层玻璃窗单元中使用的多硫化物密封剂。过氧化钙也用于澳大利亚的几个金矿，以增加黄金的回收率并减少氰化物的消耗。过氧化钙已被确定为在液压致裂中作为破裂剂使用。人类暴露和毒性：接触过氧化钙可能会严重刺激并可能烧伤皮肤和眼睛。暴露可能刺激眼睛、鼻子和喉咙。长期暴露可能损害皮肤。较高水平的过氧化钙可能会刺激肺部，导致咳嗽和/或呼吸急促。更高程度的暴露可能会导致肺部积液（肺水肿）。这可能导致死亡。动物研究：过氧化钙的实验表明，口服处理的过氧化钙对狗不具有毒性。生态毒性研究：提出了一种新方法，使用颗粒状过氧化钙（CaO2）作为缓慢释放氧气的化合物，来增加湖泊中的氧气水平。这种化合物在与水反应期间释放氧气（O2），持续5到7个月。该方法已在实验室和现场条件下进行了测试。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Calcium peroxide is white or yellowish powder. It is used as a stabilizer for rubber. Other uses including seed disinfectant, dentifrices, dough conditioners, antiseptic, bleaching of oils, modification of starches, high temperature oxidation. An important application of calcium peroxide is for curing the polysulfide sealants used in double glazing window units. Calcium peroxide is also used at several gold mines in Australia to increase recovery of gold and reduce the consumption of cyanide. Calcium peroxide has been identified as being used in hydraulic fracturing as a breaker. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact with calcium peroxide can severely irritate and may burn the skin and eyes. Exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Prolonged exposure can damage the skin. Higher levels of calcium peroxide can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Still higher exposures may cause a buildup of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). This can cause death. ANIMAL STUDIES: Experiments with calcium peroxide revealed that the compound is not toxic to dogs treated orally. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: New method was proposed for increasing the oxygen level in lakes using granulated calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a slow oxygen releasing compound. This compound releases oxygen (O2) in a reaction with water during 5 to 7 months. The method was tested in both laboratory and field conditions.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 副作用

Dermatotoxin - 皮肤烧伤。

Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.

来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

立即急救：确保已经进行了充分去污。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、气囊面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练进行操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。/有机过氧化物/

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic peroxides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要，进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要，进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作，如有必要，进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于误食，如果患者能吞咽，有强烈的干呕反射，并且不流口水，用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。不要尝试中和，因为可能会发生放热反应。在去污染后，用干燥的、无菌的敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/有机过氧化物/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic peroxides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于失去意识、严重肺水肿或呼吸停止的患者，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。在上呼吸道阻塞的第一个迹象出现时，可能需要早期插管。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑对肺水肿进行药物治疗...。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常...。开始静脉输注D5W TKO /SRP：“保持开放”。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%盐水（NS）或乳酸钠林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象...。用地西泮（安定）或劳拉西泮（安定）治疗癫痫...。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗...。/有机过氧化物/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open". Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic peroxides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  calcium peroxide 在 水 作用下， 生成 氧气
  参考文献：
  名称：

  US2004/266622

  摘要：

  公开号：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  calcium(II) sulfide 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 calcium peroxide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B1, 14, page 48 - 49

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Growth and microstructure of Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O thin films
  作者：S. I. Shah、G. A. Jones

  DOI：10.1063/1.100671

  日期：1988.8

  Thin superconducting Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O films have been grown by reactive magnetron sputtering with an average cation ratio of 2:2:1:2 on single‐crystal (100)MgO. Films show a superconducting transition onset at 117 K, but do not go to zero resistance until 83–84 K. Secondary electron microscopy and electron beam microprobe showed two major phases with different compositions and morphologies. The dominant

  通过反应磁控溅射在单晶 (100) MgO 上以 2:2:1:2 的平均阳离子比生长超导 Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 薄膜。薄膜在 117 K 时显示超导跃迁开始，但直到 83-84 K 才达到零电阻。二次电子显微镜和电子束微探针显示两个主要相，具有不同的成分和形态。主要相是层状相，其组成非常接近 2:2:1:2 阳离子比例。第二相具有针状形态，缺乏 Bi 和过量的 Cu。已知非超导 Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 相大量存在；因此，针相可能是 Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 相形成的中间步骤，因为针中的 Bi 缺乏随着退火温度和/或时间的增加而增加。
• ——
  作者：

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B2, 15, page 296 - 298
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• Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.B3, 171, page 1033 - 1036
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  日期：——
• Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, Gmelin Handbook: Ca: MVol.A2, 7, page 468 - 476
  作者：

  DOI：——

  日期：——