magnesium carbonate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 有机碳酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: magnesium carbonate
• 英文别名: magnesite；anhydrous magnesium carbonate；Magnesium carbonate (anhydrous)；magnesium;carbonate
• 化学式: CMgO₃
• 分子量: 84.3142
• InChiKey: ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.83
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  63.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

镁似乎并没有以任何方式被代谢。

Magnesium does not appear to be metabolized in any way.

来源:DrugBank

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 吸入症状

咳嗽。

Cough.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 相互作用

这项研究调查了一些抗酸剂对卤泛曲林（Hf）的体外吸附作用。碳酸镁显示出最高的吸附效果，吸附程度高达83%。仅有4%的Hf可以通过0.1 M的盐酸洗脱，而用水则没有检测到明显的洗脱。其他调查的抗酸剂包括三硅酸镁和氢氧化铝，它们对Hf的吸附能力分别为23%和43%。研究了碳酸镁对Hf生物利用度的影响，对象为七名健康志愿者。志愿者以交叉方式口服500毫克Hf-HCl或相同剂量的药物与1克碳酸镁联合使用。在预定的时间间隔收集血液样本，并使用高效液相色谱法分析Hf及其主要代谢物去丁基卤泛曲林（Hfm）。结果显示，碳酸镁显著延长了Hf达到最大血浆浓度（Tmax）的时间（P<0.05）。同时，Hf和Hfm的最大血浆浓度（Cmax）也显著降低（P<0.05）。此外，Hf的曲线下面积（AUC）值也有所减少，高达56%（范围1-56%）。这项研究的结果表明，与碳酸镁这类抗酸剂同时使用Hf可能不太可取。

This study investigated the in vitro adsorption of halofantrine (Hf) by some antacids. Magnesium carbonate showed the highest adsorptive effect, the extent of adsorption being up to 83%. Only 4% of Hf adsorbed by the antacid could be eluted with 0.1 M HCl while no detectable elution occurred with water. Other antacids investigated were magnesium trisilicate and aluminium hydroxide and these had Hf-adsorption capacities of 23 and 43%, respectively. The effect of magnesium carbonate on the bioavailability of Hf was evaluated in seven healthy volunteers. The subjects were administered with 500 mg oral dose of Hf-HCl or the same dose of the drug in combination with 1 g of magnesium carbonate, in a crossover fashion. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time intervals and were analysed for Hf and its major metabolite, desbutylhalofantrine (Hfm), using high-performance liquid chromatography method. The results showed that magnesium carbonate significantly prolonged (P<0.05) the time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of Hf. Also the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of Hf and Hfm were significantly reduced (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was a reduction in the area under the curve (AUC) values of Hf and this was as high as 56% (range 1-56%). Results of this study suggest that it may not be advisable to concomitantly administer Hf with an antacid like magnesium carbonate.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

碳酸钙（CaCO3）用于绑定慢性血液透析患者的磷（P）在过去十年中一直是一种流行的策略。然而，高钙血症的问题降低了其有效性，特别是在使用钙三醇治疗的患者中。在这些情况下，不含钙（Ca）的P绑定剂将很有价值。在短期研究中，碳酸镁（MgCO3）在给予0.6 mg/dl透析液镁的同时耐受性良好，并控制了P和Mg的水平。进行了一项前瞻性、随机、交叉研究，以评估长期使用MgCO3是否能够减少CaCO3的剂量，同时达到可接受的Ca、P和Mg水平。我们还评估了较低剂量的CaCO3是否有助于使用更大剂量的钙三醇。两个阶段分别是MgCO3加上通常剂量的一半CaCO3和单独给予通常剂量的CaCO3。发现MgCO3（剂量，465 +/- 52 mg/day元素镁）使得从2.9 +/- 0.4减少到1.2 +/- 0.2 g/day的元素钙摄入量（P<0.0001）。两个阶段的Ca、P、Mg水平相同。在MgCO3阶段，没有引起高钙血症的最大剂量为1.5 +/- 0.3 ug/治疗，而在Ca阶段为0.8 +/- ug/治疗（P<0.02）。如果这些研究得到证实，对于在使用iv钙三醇和CaCO3治疗期间发生高钙血症的选定患者，可以考虑使用MgCO3和0.6 mg/dl透析液镁。

The use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to bind phosphorus (P) in chronic hemodialysis patients has been a popular tactic in the past decade. Nonetheless, problems with hypercalcemia decrease its usefulness, particularly in patients treated with calcitriol. A P binder not containing calcium (Ca) would be of value in these circumstances. In short-term studies, ...magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) was well-tolerated and controlled P and Mg levels when given in conjunction with a dialysate Mg of 0.6 mg/dl. ...A prospective, randomized, crossover study /was performed/ to evaluate if the chronic use of MgCO3 would allow a reduction in the dose of CaCO3 and yet achieve acceptable levels of Ca, P, and Mg. We also assessed whether the lower dose of CaCO3 would facilitate the use of larger doses of calcitriol. The two phases were MgCO3 plus half the usual dose of CaCO3 and CaCO3 alone given in the usual dose. It was found that MgCO3 (dose, 465 +/- 52 mg/day elemental Mg) allowed a decrease in the amount of elemental Ca ingested from 2.9 +/- 0.4 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 g/day (P<0.0001). The Ca, P, Mg levels were the same in the two phases. The maximum dose of iv calcitriol without causing hypercalcemia was 1.5 +/- 0.3 ug/treatment during the MgCO3 phase and 0.8 +/- ug/treatment during the Ca phase (P<0.02). If these studies are confirmed, the use of MgCO3 and a dialysate Mg of 0.6 mg/dl may be considered in selected patients who develop hypercalcemia during treatment with iv calcitriol and CaCO3.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

镁对大鼠铁和镁代谢的影响进行了研究。96只雄性Wistar大鼠被分为四组，每天每公斤体重接受2.5；5.0和10.0毫克的镁——溶解在2%的阿拉伯树胶溶液中（实验组）或清澈的2%阿拉伯树胶溶液（对照组）持续4周，接下来的4周不补充。实验大鼠的大脑和肾脏中铁浓度增加，但脾脏、肠道和肝脏（仅2周和4周）以及心脏和股骨（仅8周）的铁浓度降低。整个实验期间铁的保留百分比下降。大鼠的脾脏、肝脏和肠道中镁浓度增加。实验第8周时，心脏和股骨中的镁水平降低（仅接受2.5毫克和5.0毫克Mg/kg bw/24小时的组），但在接受10.0毫克Mg/kg bw/24小时的组中，整个实验期间都增加了。实验开始时镁的明显保留增加。这些结果表明，口服镁补充剂干扰了这些元素的代谢，尤其是铁的平衡。

Effect of magnesium on iron and magnesium metabolism in rats was investigated. 96 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups received 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg magnesium daily per kg of body weight--dissolved in 2%--solution of arabic gum (tests groups) or clear 2%--solution of arabic gum (test group) for 4 weeks and the next 4 weeks without supplements. Iron concentrations increased in the brain and kidney of the experimental rats, but decreased in the spleen, intestine and liver (2 and 4 weeks only) also in the heart and femur (only 8 wk). Percentage of iron retention decreased during the whole experiment. Magnesium concentrations increased in the spleen, liver and intestine of rats. It was shown that at 8 weeks of experiment the magnesium level of heart and femur decreased (only groups received 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg Mg/kg bw/24 hr), but in group received 10.0 mg Mg/kg bw/24 hr increased for all experiment. The apparent retention of magnesium increased in start of the experiment. This results show that oral magnesium supplementation disturbs metabolism of these elements, especially balance of iron.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

口服给药后，大约40-60%的镁被吸收。随着剂量的增加，吸收百分比会下降。

About 40-60% of magnesium is absorbed following oral administration. Percent absorption decreases as dose increases.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

主要在尿液中排出。

Primarily eliminated in urine.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 分布容积

镁的分布体积为0.2-0.4升/千克。大约50%分布在骨骼中。

Vd for magnesium is 0.2-0.4L/kg. About 50% distributes to bone.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 清除

最大镁清除率与肌酐清除率成正比。

Maximum magnesium clearance is directly proportional to creatinine clearance.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

在绵羊试验中，试剂级材料显示出72%的真实吸收值，而商用菱镁矿仅有14%的值，这突显了对许多饲料成分进行更多生物利用性研究的必要性。

IN SHEEP TRIAL REAGENT GRADE MATERIAL DEMONSTRATED 72% TRUE ABSORPTION VALUES, WHILE COMMERCIAL MAGNESITE HAD ONLY 14% VALUE DRAMATIZING NEED FOR MORE BIOLOGIC AVAILABILITY STUDIES ON MANY FEED INGREDIENTS.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  magnesium carbonate 在 calcium carbide 作用下， 生成 magnesium
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Matignon, C., 1921, vol. 172, p. 381

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  magnesium acetate 在 sodium sulfate 、 hexamethylenetetramine 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 magnesium carbonate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Hydrothermal synthesis of MgCO3 and its optical properties

  摘要：

  Well-crystallized magnesium carbonate micro-particles were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The structure of the as-synthesized products was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which is in good agreement with hexagonal rhomb-centered MgCO3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) characterization indicates that the as-synthesized MgCO3 micro-particles are of mean size about 30 mu m. The photoluminescence properties of the as-synthesized MgCO3 were measured at room temperature, which shows wide emissions with three emission centers ranging from violet to red. The violet emission center locates at 425 nm, the green emission center locates at 550 nm, and the red emission center locates at 698 nm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.04.064
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  甲醇 、 一氧化碳 、 (4-碘-环己基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 在 indium 、 三氟甲烷磺酸亚铜(I)苯联合体 (2:1) 、 magnesium carbonate 作用下， 以 1,4-二氧六环 为溶剂， 25.0 ℃ 、101.33 kPa 条件下， 反应 24.0h， 以28.571%的产率得到
  参考文献：
  名称：

  气球CO对未活化烷基碘的铜催化和铟介导的甲氧羰基化反应。

  摘要：

  这项工作强调在In或InI的存在下，通过Cu催化和In介导的未活化烷基碘的烷氧基羰基化来合成烷基酯。该反应适合于伯，仲，甚至叔烷基酯的制备，代表了在形成酯时生成季碳中心的极为罕见的例子。初步的机理研究表明，涉及烷基自由基，而Cu / In / CO在羰基化事件中起着协同作用。

  DOI：

  10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01573

文献信息

• Exploring the Corundum Structure as a Host for Colored Compounds – Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Studies of (MM′) ₃ TeO ₆ (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; M′ = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu)
  作者：Anupam Bhim、Jagannatha Gopalakrishnan、Srinivasan Natarajan

  DOI：10.1002/ejic.201800102

  日期：2018.6.7

  absorption studies of the transition‐metal‐substituted corundum‐related oxides (MM′)3TeO6 (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn; M′ = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu). The oxides are readily synthesized by the solid‐state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of the constituent binaries at 750–860 °C. The Rietveld refinements of the crystal structures from the powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data show that the Mg/Mn/Ni/Co/ZnO6 octahedra

  我们描述了过渡金属取代的刚玉相关氧化物（MM'）3 TeO 6（M = Mg，Mn，Co，Ni，Zn; M'= Mg，Mn， Co，Ni，Cu）。氧化物很容易通过在750–860°C下组成二元化学计量混合物的固相反应合成。粉末X射线衍射（XRD）数据的晶体结构的Rietveld精炼表明，Mg / Mn / Ni / Co / ZnO 6八面体变形。我们已经根据Mg / Mn / Ni / Co / ZnO 6的扭曲配位几何形状解释了这些材料的独特颜色和光吸收光谱发色团。我们还确定了金属到金属的电荷转移（MMCT）从部分填充的过渡金属3d轨道到空的Mo 4d轨道在颜色变化中的作用。我们相信，对这些过渡金属取代的刚玉氧化物的研究为有色无机材料的发展方向指明了方向，这些无机材料的特征是在3d过渡金属离子周围扭曲了八面体，因为它们可用作颜料。
• Redox active aluminium(<scp>iii</scp>) complexes convert CO₂into MgCO₃or CaCO₃in a synthetic cycle using Mg or Ca metal
  作者：Thomas W. Myers、Louise A. Berben

  DOI：10.1039/c2cc37208h

  日期：——

  Redox-active Group 13 molecules possess the unusual combination of concomitant redox and acid–base reactivity. These combined properties enable regeneration of a metal hydroxide complex in a cycle for conversion of CO2 into carbonate salts. Reaction of (IP−)2Al(OH) (M = Al, Ga) with 1 atm of CO2 affords [(IP−)2Al]2(μ2κ1:κ2-OCO2). Subsequent reduction affords MgCO3 or CaCO3 and two equivalents of [(IP2−)2Al]−, which can be reoxidized to (IP−)2Al(OH) to close a cycle.

  红氧活性第13族分子具有同时进行氧化还原和酸碱反应的独特特性。这些结合的性质使得在一个循环中再生金属氢氧化物复合物，从而将二氧化碳转化为碳酸盐。将(IP−)2Al(OH)（M = Al, Ga）与1 atm的二氧化碳反应可生成[(IP−)2Al]2(μ2κ1:κ2-OCO2)。随后进行还原反应可获得MgCO3或CaCO3以及两等量的[(IP2−)2Al]−，后者可以被再氧化回(IP−)2Al(OH)，以闭合循环。
• Method and composition for rejuvinating cells, tissues organs, hair and nails
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20020188015A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-12-12

  In one embodiment, the present invention relates to compounds and compositions including pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and associated methods that uncouple sugar-mediated coupling of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomaterials, and any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the compositions and associated methods have utility in vivo to reduce the deleterious effects of sugar-mediated coupling processes in an organism, when the organism is exposed to the compound or composition internally, by ingestion, transdermal application, or other means. In yet another embodiment, the compositions and associated methods are useful for the ex-vivo treatment of organs, cells and tissues and external treatment of hair, nails and skin to rejuvenate them by changing deformability and increase the tissue diffusion coefficient. In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

  在一个实施例中，本发明涉及包含药物组合物的化合物和组合物，其中药物组合物包含这些化合物，并且相关方法解耦蛋白质、脂质、核酸和其他生物材料以及它们的任意组合的糖介导偶联。在另一个实施例中，这些组合物和相关方法在体内具有实用性，用于减少生物体暴露于内部摄入、经皮应用或其他方式的化合物或组合物时，糖介导偶联过程的有害影响。在另一个实施例中，这些组合物和相关方法对器官、细胞和组织的离体处理以及头发、指甲和皮肤的外部处理具有用处，通过改变可变性和增加组织扩散系数来使它们恢复活力。在另一个实施例中，本发明涉及新颖的化合物和药物组合物。
• Synthesis of diesel and jet fuel range alkanes with furfural and ketones from lignocellulose under solvent free conditions
  作者：Jinfan Yang、Ning Li、Shanshan Li、Wentao Wang、Lin Li、Aiqin Wang、Xiaodong Wang、Yu Cong、Tao Zhang

  DOI：10.1039/c4gc01314j

  日期：——

  C₉–C₁₂alkanes were first synthesized at high overall yield (∼80%) with furfural, 2-pentanone, and 2-heptanone from lignocellulose.

  C9-C12烷烃首次通过木质纤维素中的糠醛、2-戊酮和2-庚酮高产率合成（总产率约80%）。
• A clean and expedient synthesis of spirooxindoles in aqueous media catalyzed over nanocrystalline MgO
  作者：Bikash Karmakar、Anupam Nayak、Julie Banerji

  DOI：10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.030

  日期：2012.9

  An efficient and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of spirooxindoles with fused tetrahydrochromenes has been demonstrated using basic nanocrystalline MgO catalyst in aqueous condition. The method has been applied for the synthesis of a range of compounds with variable functionalities in excellent yield and selectivity.

  使用碱性纳米晶体MgO催化剂在水性条件下，已经证明了一种有效的和生态友好的方法，该方法可与熔融的四氢苯并二氢萘合成螺硫辛醇。该方法已用于以优异的产率和选择性合成具有可变功能的一系列化合物。

表征谱图