Metam sodium (compounds, weed, killing, liquid) appears as a yellow to light yellow-green solution with an odor of amine and sulfur that varies in intensity.
颜色/状态：
White crystals
熔点：
Decomposes without melting
蒸汽压力：
Non-volatile
稳定性/保质期：
Stable with only slight decomp on storage for several yr in glass containers as 32.7% solution in alkaline water; pure solid decomposes in several weeks.
分解：
When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and disodium oxide/...
腐蚀性：
THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS CORROSIVE TO BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
-2.96
重原子数：
6
可旋转键数：
0
环数：
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
0.5
拓扑面积：
45.1
氢给体数：
1
氢受体数：
2
ADMET
代谢
二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸，是戒酒硫的主要代谢物，当与14(C)-亚硝基乙氧甲基硫甲基胺或14(C)-甲基亚硝脲在不同介质（细菌、酯酶、大鼠肝脏9000 x g上清液和微粒体）中孵化时，会形成甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐...
Diethyldithiocarbamic acid, the main metabolite of disulfiram, forms methyldithiocarbamate when incubated with 14(C)-nitrosoacetoxymethylmethylamine or 14(C)-methylnitrosourea in different media (bacteria, esterases, rat liver 9000 x g supernatant fraction and microsomes). ...
Pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in rats for ... metam sodium ... /were/ tested at two dose levels ... Three different cmpd (MITC, CO2, COS/CS2 ) were found to be excreted via the lungs. Total excretion of the 3 products of the lungs over a 73 hr collection period were about 35% and 50% ... at low and high doses, respectively.
At higher doses levels of metam sodium, the neurotoxic effects from the in vivo production of CS2 begin to manifest. Specifically, incidence of meningocele has been noted following oral administration ... Following soil application of metam sodium, both CS2 and H2S can be formed; the relative amt depend on the pH of the soil. Following oral exposure to metam sodium, rats metabolize approximately 20 to 25% of the dose (on a molar basis) to CS2. CS2 is a neurotoxic agent known to cause a variety of effects such as neuropathology and changes in sensory conduction velocity and peroneal motor conduction velocity. Exposure to H2S at low levels in humans can result in eye injury, headaches, nausea, and insomnia.
... Neither metam sodium, MITC, nor any related thioureas or methylated ureas were detected in the extractable radioactivity or the post-extraction solids. The observed radioactivity was shown to be distributed over a variety of natural products indicating complete incorporation of metam sodium into the carbon pool ... Based upon the results of the metabolism studies, residues of metam sodium and MITC are not expected to occur in plants. MITC's volatility in the environment, phytotoxity to crops, and metabolism in plants assure that there is no reasonable expectation of finite residues to be incurred in/on any raw agricultural commodity when these products are applied according to label directions.
Metam sodium technical (purity not stated, conc. = 512.8 g/L ... ) and (14)C-metam sodium ( ... radiochemical purity > 99%; specific activity = 64.52 uCi/mg), buffered at pH 8 (potassium phosphate), were dermally admin to female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats (5 for pretests/2 for the definitive study) at 10 mg/rat (20 uCi/rat) ... MITC (0.7%) and carbon dioxide (1.9%) were the only radioactive components detected in the expired air traps. MITC was detected at a maximum between 10 to 24 hr (after removal of /residual metam sodium/ ... )
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类：B2组可能的人类致癌物
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
大鼠LC50 = 2,270毫克/立方米
LC50 (rat) = 2,270 mg/m3
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
The drug acts by interfering with alcohol metabolism so that the ingestion of alcohol is followed by distressing & occasionally dangerous symptoms. ... The disulfiram-alcohol reaction ... is not a simple intensification of alcoholic intoxication, although this may play a role. ... The acute drug-alcohol reaction ... is usually considered unpleasant, at times alarmingly so. It consists of flushing, headache, vasodilation, tachycardia, hypotension (after a transient rise in systolic pressure), nausea, restlessness, confusion & many other signs & symptoms. ... The disulfiram-alcohol reaction appears at the same time as excessive concentrations of acetaldehyde in the blood. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase generates acetaldehyde from ethanol. Acetaldehyde accumulates presumably because disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme which normally oxidizes this intermediary product of alcohol metabolism to "active" acetate. ... Disulfiram is a potent inhibitor of dopamine beta-oxidase. This enzyme requires copper, which disulfiram apparently removes by chelation. Dopamine beta-oxidase is an essential enzyme in the norepinephrine biosynthetic pathway. ... Disulfiram /exposure/ leads to the depletion of norepinephrine at adrenergic nerve terminals. ... With the sympathomimetic effects of acetaldehyde blocked by disulfiram depletion of the adrenergic transmitter, the direct vasodilator effect of acetaldehyde is unmasked. The latter is presumably responsible for the fall in blood pressure in the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. /Disulfiram/
The effects of dithiocarbamates on the tissue distribution and excretion of lead were examined in rats, with special emphasis on the central nervous system. /One of the compounds tested was/ sodium monomethyldithiocarbamate (metham). Male Sprague-Dawley rats received radioactively labeled lead acetate injected into a tail vein. The dithiocarbamates or thiurams were administered by gastric intubation. One dose was given 2 hr before lead, and another immediately after. The uptake of lead by the brain was increased by ... metham. /It was concluded that/ combined exposure to lead and dithiocarbamates should be avoided.
Pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in rats for ... metam sodium ... /were/ tested at two /oral/ dose levels. It was ... excreted mainly in urine with urinary recoveries over 168 hr of ... 37 to 58% ... Excretion via the feces was low --usually ranging from 1.5% to 3.3%. Three different cmpd (MITC, CO2, COS/CS2 ) were found to be excreted via the lungs. Total excretion of the 3 products of the lungs over a 73 hr collection period were about 35% and 50% ... at low and high doses, respectively. There were no differences between males and females in amt excreted via the three excretion routes. Tissue retention at 168 hr was about 2% ... at both dose levels. Total recoveries, incl the % of the doses excreted and that remaining in the tissues combined after 168 hr, ranged from 92.6% to 106%, indicating virtually complete absorption from the GI tract. By the first 24 hr, 85% or more ... at both dose levels had been excreted. /Metam sodium was/ rapidly absorbed from the GI tract with plasma t-max between 0.25 and 1.0 hr. However, plasma half-lives after 24 hr were long, ranging from around 60 to 74 hr ... Tissue and plasma levels at all time periods, and plasma AUCs were consistently higher in females than in males by a substantial amt. The tissue with the highest uptake ... was the thyroid gland. High uptake were also seen by the liver, kidneys, and lung, with the lowest level in testes, brain and eyes.
(14)-Metam sodium was applied to male rats in aq formulations at the nominal dose levels of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/rat to an area of 11.6 sq cm on the back ... The application site was protected by a glass saddle which contained an activated charcoal filter to adsorb any volatile radioactivity which evaporated from the skin surface. Within each group, 4 animals were killed following a 1, 2, 10, and 24 hr exposure and excreta collected over the study period. For 4 additional animals in each treatment group, the treatment area was washed 10 hr after admin and excretion monitored over a total of 72 hr. Mean % absorbed dose at 10 hr was 2.5% (2.355%, 3.683%, 1.514%, respectively).
Metam sodium technical (purity not stated, conc. = 512.8 g/L ... ) and (14)C-metam sodium ( ... radiochemical purity > 99%; specific activity = 64.52 uCi/mg), buffered at pH 8 (potassium phosphate), were dermally admin to female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats (5 for pretests/2 for the definitive study) at 10 mg/rat (20 uCi/rat). A "saddle" apparatus (consisting of glass) was attached to the backs of an area clipped free of hair ... Males were excluded, as their coarse body hair might have prevented adhesion of the saddle to the skin ... Activated charcoal was suspended between 2 sinters in the saddle and covered with gauze ... At 10 hr post application, the gauzes and the top sinters were removed, the charcoal was collected and the lower sinters removed /and/ ... the treated area of skin and the inside of the saddle were /cleaned/ ... Urine (0 to 4, 4 to 10, 10 to 24, 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hr), feces (same as urine) and expired air were collected over 72 hr. Volatiles were collected in 4 expired air traps in series: 1) trap for methyl isothiocyanate, 2) carbon dioxide, 3) carbon disulphide, 4) any volatiles which may pass through the first 3 traps (air trap collection times for traps 1, 2 & 3 = same as urine; trap 4 = 0 to 72 hr). At termination, urine, feces, cage washings, cage debris, expired air traps, charcoal adsorbant, back and gauze washings (including elastic bands and sinters) were assessed for radioactivity. Rat blood was also sampled, as was residual carcass. RESULTS: Stability of metam sodium was virtually 100% of radioactivity at 24 hr. The saddle provided a non-occluded, enclosed application site with an adsorbant suspended above it. Saddles remained firmly attached for 12 to 72 hr. No pharmacological or toxicological signs were observed in test animals that were metam sodium induced. After a single dermal application of (14)C-metam sodium to 2 animals, a mean of 85% of radioactivity was recovered within 72 hr, primarily in charcoal adsorbant wash (38%), application site washings (38%) and urine (4.1%) ... MITC (0.7%) and carbon dioxide (1.9%) were the only radioactive components detected in the expired air traps. MITC was detected at a maximum between 10 to 24 hr (after removal of saddle packing). Radioactivity in feces, carcasses, cage washings, air trap 4 washings and the trap for carbon disulphide were low or below the limit of detection throughout the study. The report concluded that metam sodium was not readily absorbed during 10 hr of exposure, since < 8.2% of the applied radioactivity was recovered in urine, feces, expired air traps, cage wash and carcass ...
The biokinetics and metabolism of metam sodium was studied in rats following oral admin of nominal doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg. After a single oral dose of (14)C-metam sodium at 10 mg/kg, means of 52 and 58% dose were excreted in the urine of male and female rats during 0 to 168 hr. A total of 38% was found in the expired air of male rats during 0 to 72 hr of which 0.45% was in trap 1 (containing 2-ethoxyethanol), 19.5% dose was in trap 2 (containing sodium hydroxide soln) and 18.3% dose in trap 3 (containing Viles reagent). In female rats a total of 33.2% was found in the expired air during 0 to 72 hr of which 1.3, 18.1 and 13.8% were found in traps 1, 2, 3. Fecal excretion accounted for 4.5 and 2.9% dose in male and female rats during 0 to 168 hr. After a single oral dose of (14)C-metam sodium at 100 mg/kg, means of 37 and 42% dose were excreted in the urine of male and female rats, respectively, during 0 to 168 hr. A mean of 50% dose was excreted in the expired air of all rats of which 24.3, 6.4 and 19.5% dose were found in traps 1, 2, 3, respectively. Fecal excretion accounted for 1.9 and 1.6% dose in male and female rats. The concn of radioactivity in the tissues of rats sacrificed 168 hr after a single oral dose of (14)C-metam sodium at both doses showed that the highest levels were in the thyroids, adrenals and tissues responsible for excretion and metabolism (liver, kidneys, lungs). After a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg (14)C-metam sodium, peak mean plasma concn of radioactivity occurred at 1 hr for males and females. Within the first 48 hr mean plasma radioactivity declined with a half-live of approx 24 hr. From 72 hr to 240 hr mean concn of plasma radioactivity declined with a half-life of 60.8 hr for males and 74.1 hr for females. After a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg (14)C-metam sodium the peak mean plasma concn of radioactivity occurred at 1 to 2 hr for males and 0.25 to 1 hr for females. Mean concn of plasma radioactivity declined with a half-life of approx 24 hr (males and females) within the first 48 hr after treatment and 62 hr for males and 64 hr for females within 72 to 240 hr after treatment. Using thin-layer chromatography 2 metabolites were detected in the urine. The major metabolite, identified as N-acetyl-S-(N-methylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cycteine, represented 16 to 25% of the dose. The second metabolite, accounting for ca 5 to 10% of the admin dose, could not be exactly characterized but there is evidence that it is a similar type of conjugate as the major metabolite.
SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking Product identifiers Product name : METAM SODIUM,250MG,NEAT REACH No. : A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later registration deadline. CAS-No. : 137-42-8 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances SECTION 2: Hazards identification Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302 Skin corrosion (Category 1B), H314 Skin sensitisation (Category 1), H317 Acute aquatic toxicity (Categor
