发现在磷原子上带有环己基的二羟基叔苯基膦(Cy-DHTP)是钯催化由一锅法从2-氯酚和末端炔烃合成取代苯并[ b ]呋喃的强配体。该催化剂体系还适用于通过氯苯并[ b ]呋喃与硼酸的Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联从二氯苯酚一步法一锅合成二取代的苯并[ b ]呋喃。Cy-DHTP和XPhos这两种配体的使用是促进反应的关键。机理研究表明,Pd–Cy-DHTP催化剂是Sonogashira交叉偶联步骤中的活性物种,而Pd–XPhos催化剂则加速了Suzuki–Miyaura交叉偶联步骤。
Compounds and methods are provided for the treatment of disease conditions in which modification of cholinergic, especially muscarinic m1, m4, or both m1 and m4, receptor activity has a beneficial effect. In the method, an effective amount of a compound is administered to a patient in need of such treatment.
Compounds and methods are provided for the treatment of disease conditions in which modification of cholinergic, especially muscarinic m1, m4, or both m1 and m4, receptor activity has a beneficial effect. In the method, an effective amount of a compound is administered to a patient in need of such treatment.