Antimicrobial effects of novel siderophores linked to β-lactam antibiotics
摘要:
As a strategy to increase the penetration of antibiotic drugs through the outer membrane of Gram-negative pathogens, facilitated transport through siderophore receptors has been frequently exploited. Hydroxamic acids, catechols, or very close isosteres of catechols, which are mimics of naturally occurring siderophores, have been used successfully as covalently linked escorting moieties, but a much wider diversity of iron binding motifs exists. This observation, coupled to the relative lack of specificity of siderophore receptors, prompted us to initiate a program to identify novel, noncatechol siderophoric structures. We screened over 300 compounds for their ability to (1) support growth in low iron medium of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa siderophore biosynthesis deletion mutant, or (2) compete with a bactericidal siderophore-antibiotic conjugate for siderophore receptor access. From these assays we identified a set of small molecules that fulfilled one or both of these criteria. We then synthesized these compounds with functional groups suitable for attachment to both monobactam and cephalosporin core structures. Siderophore-P-lactam conjugates then were tested against a panel of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Although several of the resultant chimeric compounds had antimicrobial activity approaching that of ceftazidime, and most compounds demonstrated very potent activity against their cellular targets, only a single compound was obtained that had enhanced, siderophore-mediated antibacterial activity. Results with tonB mutants frequently showed increased rather than decreased susceptibilities, suggesting that multiple factors influenced the intracellular concentration of the drugs. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Novel Bifunctionalization of Activated Methylene: Base‐Promoted Trifluoromethylthiolation of β‐Diketones with Trifluoromethanesulfinyl Chloride
作者:Dong‐Wei Sun、Min Jiang、Jin‐Tao Liu
DOI:10.1002/chem.201901781
日期:2019.8.14
β-diketones or β-ketoesters with trifluoromethanesulfinyl chloride. A series of α-trifluoromethylthiolated α-chloro-β-diketones and α-chloro-β-ketoesters were obtained in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. When β-diketones containing a phenyl group with a hydroxyl or amino substituent at the ortho position were used as substrates, intramolecular trifluoromethylthiolation/cyclizationreaction took
Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-substituted 4H-thiochromenes and 4H-chromenes was successfully developed. This method provided highly efficient access to a series of chiral 2-substituted thiochromanes and chromanes in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% yield, 86–99% ee). The obtained chiral 2-substituted thiochromane products were also successfully transformed to
Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidative esterification of 2-carbonyl substituted phenols from the alcohol oxidation level
作者:Satyasheel Sharma、Jihye Park、Mirim Kim、Jong Hwan Kwak、Young Hoon Jung、In Su Kim
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.079
日期:2013.11
A copper-catalyzed oxidative esterification of 2-carbonyl substituted phenols from the alcohol oxidation level is described. This protocol represents direct access to a range of 2-carbonylated aryl benzoate derivatives, which are important building blocks in the synthesis of natural and pharmacological compounds. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cramer; Elschnig, Chemische Berichte, 1956, vol. 89, p. 1,10