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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 催化剂及助剂 贵金属催化剂

    贵金属催化剂

    贵金属催化剂在工业化学和生物医学领域扮演着重要角色。它们通常由铂族金属（如铂、钯、铑）、金等贵金属组成，因其独特的催化性能而受到广泛关注。

    1. 催化机制

    贵金属催化剂通过吸附反应物并降低活化能来促进化学反应，其表面活性位点能够与底物发生选择性相互作用。这些催化剂具有高度的热稳定性以及良好的化学和物理耐受性，可在高温、高压等苛刻条件下工作。

    2. 应用领域
    • 精细化工: 贵金属催化剂广泛应用于医药中间体合成、有机合成等多个细分领域。
    • 能源转换与储存: 氢氧化铂在燃料电池中作为电极材料；钯基催化剂可用于催化重整和加氢脱硫过程，以提高燃料质量。
    • 环境保护: 通过催化转化有害气体（如NOx）为无害物质。
    3. 研究进展

    近年来，对新型贵金属合金、纳米结构以及负载型催化剂的探索进一步提高了贵金属催化剂的选择性与活性。此外，采用先进的表面修饰技术和定向自组装方法也有助于改善其性能并降低成本。

    4. 挑战与未来展望

    尽管贵金属催化剂展现了巨大的应用前景，但高昂的价格和资源稀缺性仍然是限制其广泛应用的主要因素之一。因此，在维持高效催化功能的同时减少贵金属用量、开发低成本替代材料成为当前研究的重要方向。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    1,1'-二乙基二茂铁 1,1'-diethylferrocene 1273-97-8 C14H18Fe
    1,1'-二乙基二茂铁
    (双环[2.2.1]庚-2,5-二烯)二氯钌(II) 聚合物 Dichloro-norbornadiene-ruthenium(II) 48107-17-1 C7H6Cl2Ru+2
    (双环[2.2.1]庚-2,5-二烯)二氯钌(II) 聚合物
    (二茂铁甲基)三甲基溴化铵 Iron(2+) bromide cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide--1-[(trimethylazaniumyl)methyl]cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide (1/1/1/1) 106157-30-6 C14H20BrFeN
    (二茂铁甲基)三甲基溴化铵
    (S)-1-二茂铁基乙醇 cyclopentane;(1S)-1-cyclopentylethanol;iron(2+) 33136-66-2 C12H24FeO+2
    (S)-1-二茂铁基乙醇
    (S)-1-(二苯基膦基)-2-[(S)-4-异丙基恶唑啉-2-基]二茂铁 (S,Sp)-ipr-phosferrox 163169-29-7 C28H28FeNOP
    (S)-1-(二苯基膦基)-2-[(S)-4-异丙基恶唑啉-2-基]二茂铁
    (S)-(4-异丙基恶唑啉-2-基)二茂铁 (S)-2-ferrocenyl-4-(1-methylethyl)oxazoline 162157-03-1 C16H19FeNO
    (S)-(4-异丙基恶唑啉-2-基)二茂铁
    (RP,R′P)-1,1′-双[双(2-甲苯基)膦基]-2,2′-双[(S)-α-(二甲氨基)苯甲基]二茂铁 (alphaS,alphaS)-1,1'-Bis[alpha-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-(R,R)-2,2'-bis[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphino]ferrocene 831226-39-2 C56H58FeN2P2
    (RP,R′P)-1,1′-双[双(2-甲苯基)膦基]-2,2′-双[(S)-α-(二甲氨基)苯甲基]二茂铁
    (2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)(苯基-2-丙烯基)-钯 Pd(η<sup>3</sup>-1-PhC<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) 105333-10-6 C14H14Pd
    (2,4-环戊二烯-1-基)(苯基-2-丙烯基)-钯
    (1,5-环辛二烯)溴化钯 cis-dibromo-(cyclooctadiene)palladium(II) 12145-47-0 C8H12Br2Pd
    (1,5-环辛二烯)溴化钯
    —— K2Pd(SCN)4 14516-47-3 C4N4PdS4*2K
    K2Pd(SCN)4
    —— potassium tetracyanopalladate 14516-46-2 4CN*2K*Pd
    potassium tetracyanopalladate
    —— 2-Bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenoxy)phosphanyloxy-3,5-ditert-butyl-phenyl]-chloro-palladium 217189-40-7 C84H128Cl2O6P2Pd2+
    2-Bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenoxy)phosphanyloxy-3,5-ditert-butyl-phenyl]-chloro-palladium
    —— RuCl2(=CHPh)(ImMes)(PCy3) 223415-64-3 C46H64Cl2N2PRu
    RuCl2(=CHPh)(ImMes)(PCy3)
    —— Iron(2+) bis(3-benzoylcyclopenta-1,2-dien-4-yn-1-ide) 12180-80-2 C24H10FeO2
    Iron(2+) bis(3-benzoylcyclopenta-1,2-dien-4-yn-1-ide)
    —— Palladium, diamminebis(nitrito-kappaN)- 14852-83-6 H16N4O4Pd-4
    Palladium, diamminebis(nitrito-kappaN)-
    —— (2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)methanesulfonatopalladium(II) dimer 1435520-65-2 C26H26N2O6Pd2S2
    (2'-amino-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)methanesulfonatopalladium(II) dimer
    —— [(Z)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea;palladium(2+);dichloride 219954-63-9 C8H9Cl2N3OPdS
    [(Z)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea;palladium(2+);dichloride
    —— (dimethylsulfide)gold(I) chloride 1254985-79-9 C2H7AuClS
    (dimethylsulfide)gold(I) chloride
    —— Pd2(dba-4-OMe)3 130610-16-1 C57H54O9Pd2
    Pd2(dba-4-OMe)3
    —— Chloro{[(1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl](4-toluenesulfonyl)amido}(mesitylene)ruthenium(II) 174813-82-2 C30H32ClN2O2RuS
    Chloro{[(1R,2R)-(-)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl](4-toluenesulfonyl)amido}(mesitylene)ruthenium(II)
    —— tetraamminepalladium acetate 61495-96-3 2C2H3O2*H12N4Pd
    tetraamminepalladium acetate
    —— bis[cinnamyl palladium(II) chloride] 12131-44-1 C18H16Cl2Pd2
    bis[cinnamyl palladium(II) chloride]
    —— iodoferrocene 1273-76-3 C10H9FeI
    iodoferrocene
    —— Chloropalladium(1+);dicyclohexyl-[2-[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]phosphane;dicyclohexyl-[3-[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]phosphane;2-phenylaniline 1310584-14-5 C90H118Cl2N2P2Pd2
    Chloropalladium(1+);dicyclohexyl-[2-[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]phosphane;dicyclohexyl-[3-[2,4,6-tri(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenyl]phosphane;2-phenylaniline
    —— Carbon monoxide;chromium;cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;iron(2+) 67292-31-3 C38H28CrFeO4P2
    Carbon monoxide;chromium;cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;iron(2+)
    —— (1E,3Z)-1,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,3-dien-3-ol--palladium (3/2) 52552-56-4 C57H60O9Pd2
    (1E,3Z)-1,5-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,3-dien-3-ol--palladium (3/2)
    —— (octaethylporphyrinato)palladium(II) 24804-00-0 C36H44N4Pd
    (octaethylporphyrinato)palladium(II)
    —— Iron(2+) bis{2-[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphanyl]-1-[(R)-(dimethylamino)(phenyl)methyl]cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide} 831226-39-2 C56H58FeN2P2
    Iron(2+) bis{2-[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphanyl]-1-[(R)-(dimethylamino)(phenyl)methyl]cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ide}
    —— [Pd(allyl)(cod)](BF4)2 32915-11-0 BF4*C11H13Pd
    [Pd(allyl)(cod)](BF4)2
    —— ruthenium(II) (norbanadiene)Cl2 48107-17-1 C7H8Cl2Ru
    ruthenium(II) (norbanadiene)Cl2
    —— 5,14-dimesitylnorcorrolatonickel(II) 1402146-02-4 C36H30N4Ni
    5,14-dimesitylnorcorrolatonickel(II)
    —— Ni(2+)-α,β,γ,δ-tetra(4-chlorophenyl)porphine 57774-14-8 C44H24Cl4N4Ni
    Ni(2+)-α,β,γ,δ-tetra(4-chlorophenyl)porphine
    —— tetramminepalladium(II) chloride 13815-17-3 2Cl*H12N4Pd
    tetramminepalladium(II) chloride
    —— bis(ethylenediamine)palladium(II) chloride 16483-18-4 C4H16N4Pd*2Cl
    bis(ethylenediamine)palladium(II) chloride
    —— Milstein's catalyst 863971-62-4 C20H36ClN2OPRu
    Milstein's catalyst
    —— 12H-Dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin, 2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-hydroxy-, 6-oxide, sodium salt (1:1) 85209-91-2 C29H43NaO4P+
    12H-Dibenzo[d,g][1,3,2]dioxaphosphocin, 2,4,8,10-tetrakis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-hydroxy-, 6-oxide, sodium salt (1:1)
    —— Azane;palladium(2+);dicyanide 15020-94-7 C2H6N4Pd
    Azane;palladium(2+);dicyanide
    —— Sodium;butan-2-yloxymethanedithioic acid 25306-75-6 C5H10NaOS2+
    Sodium;butan-2-yloxymethanedithioic acid
    —— Trans-Dichlorodiammine Palladium (II) 13782-33-7 Cl2H4N2Pd
    Trans-Dichlorodiammine Palladium (II)
    —— sodium 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6 di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate 85209-91-2 C29H42O4P*Na
    sodium 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6 di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate
    —— 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4h-pyran-3-carboxylic acid 16801-05-1 C12H6Cl2O5
    2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-6-hydroxy-4-oxo-4h-pyran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— Dilithium tetrachloropalladate(2-) 15525-45-8 Cl4LiPd-
    Dilithium tetrachloropalladate(2-)
    —— Dichlorodi-mu-chlorobis[(1,2,3,6,7,8-eta-2,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1,8-diyl]diruthenium(IV) 34801-97-3 C20H34Cl4Ru2-2
    Dichlorodi-mu-chlorobis[(1,2,3,6,7,8-eta-2,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1,8-diyl]diruthenium(IV)
    —— potassium hydrogen salt of methyliminodiacetic acid 10025-99-7 C5H8NO4*K
    potassium hydrogen salt of methyliminodiacetic acid
    —— tetrakis(tris(2-methyl)phenyl)phosphinepalladium 175164-86-0 C84H84P4Pd
    tetrakis(tris(2-methyl)phenyl)phosphinepalladium
    —— [(Pd(μ-Cl)(κ(2)-P,C-P(OC6H2-2,4-tBu2)(OC6H3-2,4-tBu2)2))2] 217189-40-7 C84H124Cl2O6P2Pd2
    [(Pd(μ-Cl)(κ(2)-P,C-P(OC6H2-2,4-tBu2)(OC6H3-2,4-tBu2)2))2]
    —— Zinc-EDTA 12519-36-7 C10H12N2O8Zn2
    Zinc-EDTA
    —— Chloro[(1,2,5,6-eta)-1,5-cyclooctadiene](2,2-dimethylpropyl)palladium 935838-06-5 C13H23ClPd
    Chloro[(1,2,5,6-eta)-1,5-cyclooctadiene](2,2-dimethylpropyl)palladium
    —— Dibromo[(S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl]palladium(II) 366488-99-5 C44H34Br2P2Pd+2
    Dibromo[(S)-(-)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl]palladium(II)
    —— Cyclopentane;cyclopentyl(phenyl)methanone;iron 1272-44-2 C17H24FeO
    Cyclopentane;cyclopentyl(phenyl)methanone;iron