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Palladium nitrate | 10102-05-3

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
Palladium nitrate
英文别名
palladium(2+);dinitrate
Palladium nitrate化学式
CAS
10102-05-3
化学式
Pd(NO3)2
mdl
——
分子量
230.43
InChiKey
GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 密度:
    1.118 g/mL at 25 °C
  • 溶解度:
    溶于稀硝酸。
  • 暴露限值:
    ACGIH: TWA 2 ppm; STEL 4 ppmOSHA: TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 25 ppm; TWA 2 ppm(5 mg/m3); STEL 4 ppm(10 mg/m3)
  • 物理描述:
    Liquid
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. **稳定性** 稳定。 2. **禁配物** 还原剂、易燃或可燃物、活性金属粉末、硫、磷。 3. **避免接触的条件** 受热。 4. **聚合危害** 不会发生聚合。 5. **分解产物** 氮氧化物。

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.48
  • 重原子数:
    9
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    126
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    6

ADMET

代谢
钯可能通过口服、皮肤接触和吸入暴露而被吸收。一旦进入人体,它会分布到肾脏、肝脏、脾脏、淋巴结、肾上腺、肺和骨骼中。钯的络合能力使其能够与氨基酸、蛋白质、DNA以及其他大分子结合。钯及其代谢物通过尿液和粪便排出。摄入一定量的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐是人类氮循环的正常部分。在适当的条件下,硝酸盐可以在胃肠系统中转化为亚硝酸盐,显著增强硝酸盐的毒性。硝酸盐的主要代谢途径是转化为亚硝酸盐,然后转化为氨。亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐及其代谢物通过尿液排出。(L1137, A21)
Palladium may be absorbed through oral, dermal, and inhalation exposure. Once in the body it distributes to the kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, lung and bone. Palladium's ability to form complexes allows it the bind to amino acids, proteins, DNA, and other macromolecules. Palladium and its metabolites are excreted in the urine and faeces. Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137, A21)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
由于钯离子能够与无机和有机配体形成强配合物,它们可以干扰细胞平衡,替换其他必需离子,并与大分子如蛋白质或DNA的功能团发生相互作用。钯配合物与DNA和RNA结合会导致链断裂。钯离子能够抑制大多数主要细胞功能,包括DNA和RNA的合成。钯化合物已被证明能够结合并抑制各种酶,包括肌酸激酶和脯氨酸羟化酶。硝酸盐的毒性是由于它进入体内后转化为亚硝酸盐。亚硝酸盐会导致氧合血红蛋白的自动催化氧化成过氧化氢和高铁血红蛋白。这种高铁血红蛋白水平的升高被称为高铁血红蛋白血症,其特点是组织缺氧,因为高铁血红蛋白无法结合氧气。(A2450, L1613, L798)
Due to their ability to form strong complexes with both inorganic and organic ligands, palladium ions can disturb cellular equilibria, replace other essential ions, and interact with functional groups of macromolecules, such as proteins or DNA. Palladium complexes binding to DNA and RNA leads to strand breakage. Palladium ions are able to inhibit most major cellular functions, including DNA and RNA synthesis. Palladium compounds have been shown to bind to and inhibit various enzymes, including creatine kinase and prolyl hydroxylase. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, L798)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
摄入硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐,在导致内源性亚硝化的条件下,对人类可能是致癌的(2A组)。
Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
与钯接触可能导致钯敏感性和过敏。动物研究显示钯可能对肝脏和肾脏造成损害。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐中毒引起高铁血红蛋白血症。亚硝酸盐可能导致妊娠并发症和发育影响。它们也可能具有致癌性。
Contact with palladium may cause palladium sensitivity and allergy. Animal studies have shown that palladium may damage the liver and kidney. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L798)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
口服(L1137);吸入(L1137)
Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 症状
皮肤接触钯可能导致接触性皮炎、红斑和水肿。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐中毒会引起高铁血红蛋白血症。症状包括发绀、心脏心律不齐和循环衰竭,以及逐渐加重的中枢神经系统(CNS)影响。中枢神经系统的影响可能从轻微的头晕和乏力到昏迷和抽搐不等。
Skin contact with palladium may cause contact dermatitis, erythema, and oedema. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137, L798)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    5.1
  • 危险品标志:
    C,O,Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S17,S26,S36/37/39,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R34
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    QV0560000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    5.1
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3264

制备方法与用途

硝酸钯晶体

硝酸钯晶体为黄棕色结晶粉末,易溶于硝酸和水中,在空气中极易潮解;硝酸钯水合物为红褐色液体。

制备

理论上,钯能够直接溶解在硝酸中。因此,常用的制备方法是将高纯度钯粉加入到硝酸中并加热溶解,从而获得硝酸钯溶液。

用途
  • 催化剂:用于合成多种钯化合物,并作为催化剂的原料。
  • 配制钯镀槽液:大量用于配制钯镀槽液。
  • 具体应用
    • 烯烃硝化反应为乙二醇二硝酸盐的催化剂;
    • 载有Pd催化剂的前驱体;
    • 分析试剂和氧化剂;
    • 氯和碘分离;
    • 汽车尾气催化剂制备中的活性组分。
类别
  • 氧化剂
爆炸物危险特性

与还原剂、硫或磷混合时,受热、撞击或摩擦可引发爆炸。

可燃性危险特性
  • 与有机物、还原剂、易燃物质(如硫或磷)混合时,可燃;
  • 燃烧时产生有毒的氮氧化物烟雾。
储运特性

库房需保持通风、低温和干燥;轻装轻卸;应将硝酸钯与其他有机物、还原剂、硫或磷等易燃物质分开存放。

灭火剂

使用雾状水或砂土进行灭火。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    HOFFMANN, JAMES E., PRECIOUS AND RARE METAL TECHNOL.: PROC. SYMP. PRECIOUS AND RARE METALS, A+
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    纳米氧化铝硝酸纳米氧化铈 、 在 Palladium nitrate alumina 作用下, 以), cerium nitrate crystals in an amount sufficient to form 500 grams CeO2,lanthanum nitrate crystals in an amount sufficient的产率得到Cerium nitrate
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Layered catalyst composite
    摘要:
    本发明涉及一种分层催化剂复合物,通常称为三向转化催化剂,具有同时催化碳氢化合物和一氧化碳的氧化以及氮氧化物的还原能力。本发明的分层催化剂复合物的结构设计为有第一层和第二层。第一层包括第一支撑;至少一种第一钯组分和与钯组分密切接触的氧储存组分;可选的另一种第一铂族金属组分;锆组分;至少一种第一碱土金属组分和至少一种从镧系金属组分和钕金属组分组成的第一稀土金属组分。第二层包括第二支撑;至少一种第二钯组分;可选的另一种第二铂族金属组分;至少一种第二碱土金属组分;至少一种从镧系金属组分和钕金属组分组成的第二稀土组分和锆组分。
    公开号:
    US05597771A1
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文献信息

  • Process for forming solid solutions
    申请人:E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company
    公开号:US04678505A1
    公开(公告)日:1987-07-07
    A continuous process for making a solid solution of two or more metals or metal oxides by ionic reaction and coprecipitation during high intensity mixing.
    一种连续的过程,通过离子反应和高强度混合共沉淀两种或更多金属或金属氧化物,制备固溶体。
  • Silver catalysts
    申请人:Standard Oil Company (Indiana)
    公开号:US04005049A1
    公开(公告)日:1977-01-25
    Silver/transition metal catalysts are made by calcining the polysilver salt of a polycarboxylic acid and at least one transition metal salt of an organic polycarboxylic acid at temperatures from 200.degree.-500.degree. C., and oxidizing the said calcined salts with oxygen at temperatures from 20.degree.-500.degree. C.
    银/过渡金属催化剂是通过在200-500℃的温度下煅烧多羧酸的多银盐和至少一种有机多羧酸的过渡金属盐,然后在20-500℃的温度下用氧气氧化所述的煅烧盐制成的。
  • Purification catalyst for exhaust gas
    申请人:Matsuo Yuichi
    公开号:US20050221979A1
    公开(公告)日:2005-10-06
    A purification catalyst for exhaust gas enhances the activity for each precious metal by effectively utilizing the precious metal without incurring a high production cost, thereby improving endurance. The purification catalyst for exhaust gas comprises a composite oxide supporting Pd, the composite oxide has a rational formula MXO 3 in which M is an alkali metal element and X is an element in group 5 in periodic table, and a perovskite crystal structure.
    一种用于废气净化的催化剂,通过有效利用贵金属而不产生高生产成本,增强了每种贵金属的活性,从而提高了耐久性。该废气净化催化剂包括支持Pd的复合氧化物,该复合氧化物具有合理的化学式MXO3,其中M是一种碱金属元素,X是周期表中第5族元素,并且具有钙钛矿晶体结构。
  • Metal getter systems
    申请人:Peterson Ronald O.
    公开号:US20090237861A1
    公开(公告)日:2009-09-24
    Metal getter systems for use in electronic devices are provided. The getter systems taught herein include compartmentalized, metal getter systems for use in electrolytic environments present within electrolytic devices, such as electrolytic capacitors, without the problem of getter passivation. Such systems ( 50 ) can include a composite getter system ( 10 ) inserted into a central portion of an electrolytic capacitor ( 50 ) having a container ( 51 ), electrodes ( 52 ), and electrical contacts ( 54,54′ ).
    本文提供了用于电子设备的金属getter系统。所述getter系统包括用于电解电容器等电解质环境中的分隔金属getter系统,而无需担心getter失活问题。这种系统(50)可以包括插入电解电容器(50)中心部分的复合getter系统(10),该电解电容器具有容器(51)、电极(52)和电气接触(54,54')。
  • Catalytic system and method for coupling of aromatic compounds
    申请人:Arteva North America S.A.R.L.
    公开号:US06103919A1
    公开(公告)日:2000-08-15
    A catalytic process for production of biphenyl and its derivatives by coupling of substituted or unsubstituted monoaryl compounds in the presence of a catalytic system comprising at least one Pd (II) compound and a strong acid or a mixture of acids. The process provides high conversions and high selectivity under mild temperature conditions and short reaction times. The strong acid or mixture of acids has a Hammett acidity of less than about -10, and contains a predominant amount of counterions which form a weak ligand complex with palladium (II). The method is highly selective to formation of desired biaryl isomers, such as 4,4'-isomers, and allows control of the relative amounts of isomers of biaryl compounds and substituted monoaryl compounds in the final product.
    一种催化过程,通过在至少含有一种Pd(II)化合物和强酸或混合酸催化系统的存在下,耦合取代或未取代的单芳基化合物来生产联苯及其衍生物。该过程在温和的温度条件和短反应时间下提供高转化率和高选择性。强酸或混合酸的Hammett酸度小于约-10,并且包含与钯(II)形成弱配体络合物的主要对离子。该方法对于所需的联苯异构体,如4,4'-异构体,具有高度选择性,并允许控制最终产品中联苯化合物和取代单芳基化合物的异构体相对量。
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