Electrophile-Directed Diastereoselective Alkylation of Prochiral Enediolates
作者:Stephen P. Marsden、Rebecca Newton
DOI:10.1021/ja073624e
日期:2007.10.1
Prochiral substituted enediolates undergo diastereoselective alkylation with β-chiral primary iodohydrin derivatives, with selectivities up to 97:3. The most selective reactions occur with dienediolates, but reasonable selectivities can also be obtained with alkyl- and aryl-substituted enediolates. The presence of the lithioalkoxy substituent on the enolate is crucial for selectivity, as is the presence
Allylic alkyl carbonates are carbonylated under 40 atm of carbon monoxide at 100-120 degrees C in the presence of a catalytic amount of Ru-3(CO)(12)/1,10-phenanthroline to give alpha,beta- or beta,gamma-unsaturated esters in good to high yields. For example, cinnamyl methyl carbonate afforded the corresponding beta,gamma-unsaturated esters, methyl trans-4-phenyl-3-butenoate (1). in 93% yield. The regioselectivity in the carbonylation of crotyl methyl carbonate is unusual and it depends on the carbon monoxide pressure. The more sterically hindered carbon (gamma-carbon) is predominantly carbonylated at 20-50 atm. When the reaction of cinnamyl methyl carbonate was performed at elevated temperature (150 degrees C) without 1,10-phenanthroline, the dimer of 1, dimethyl 3-benzyl-2-(trans-2-phenylvinyl)glutarate, was obtained in 56% yield. In the presence of secondary amines, allylic alkyl carbonates were carbonylated mainly at alpha-carbon to give alpha,beta- or beta,gamma-unsaturated amides in high yields.