Synthesis and characterization of novel isoform-selective IP6K1 inhibitors
摘要:
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) have been increasingly studied as therapeutically interesting enzymes. IP6K isoform specific knock-outs have been used to successfully explore inositol pyrophosphate physiology and related pathologies. A pan-IP6K inhibitor, N2-(m-trifluorobenzyl)-N6-(p-nitrobenzyl) purine (TNP), has been used to confirm phenotypes observed in genetic knock-out experiments; however, it suffers by having modest potency and poor solubility making it difficult to handle for in vitro applications in the absence of DMSO. Moreover, TNP's pan-IP6K inhibitory profile does not inform which IP6K isoform is responsible for which phenotypes. In this report we describe a series of purine-based isoform specific IP6K1 inhibitors. The lead compound was identified after multiple rounds of SAR and has been found to selectively inhibit IP6K1 over IP6K2 or IP6K3 using biochemical and biophysical approaches. It also boasts increased solubility and IP6K1 potency over TNP. These new compounds are useful tools for additional assay development and exploration of IP6K1 specific biology.
Concise access to N9-mono-, N2-mono- and N2,N9-di-substituted guanines via efficient Mitsunobu reactions
摘要:
Guanine poses several problems to the synthetic chemist owing to its polyfunctional nature and poor solubility. Over the past few decades, synthetic guanines have found applications as anti-cancer and anti-viral agents. Coupled with the ever-growing interest in designer PNAs and G-quartets, simple and efficient synthetic routes to novel guanines would be of significant benefit. We herein report that, upon simple protection and/or activation step(s), the guanine precursor 2-amino-6-chloropurine is rendered an excellent substrate for Mitsunobu chemistry, furnishing, after subsequent hydrolytic dechlorination and appropriate deprotection step(s), the desired N9-mono-, N2-mono- or N2,N9-di-substituted guanines in excellent yields (>= 80%). Importantly, we demonstrate that N9-functionalization proceeds with very good N9/N7 regioselectivity and with complete inversion of stereochemistry. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.