[3-(3-carboxypropanoylcarbamoylamino)-2-methoxypropyl]mercury;hydrate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 有机碳酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: [3-(3-carboxypropanoylcarbamoylamino)-2-methoxypropyl]mercury;hydrate
• 化学式: C9H17HgN2O6
• 分子量: 449.83
• InChiKey: HXYLKKGRIDSMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.17
• 重原子数：
  18
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.67
• 拓扑面积：
  106
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

有机汞主要通过消化道吸收，然后通过血液分布到全身。有机汞与自由的半胱氨酸以及血红蛋白等蛋白质上的半胱氨酸和巯基团结合。这些复合物能够模拟甲硫氨酸，从而被运输到全身，包括通过血脑屏障和胎盘。有机汞代谢成无机汞，最终通过尿液和粪便排出体外。

Organic mercury is absorbed mainly by the gastrointestinal tract, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. Organic mercury complexes with free cysteine and the cysteine and sulfhydryl groups on proteins such as haemoglobin. These complexes are able to mimic methionine and thus be transported throughout the body, including through the blood-brain barrier and placenta. Organic mercury is metabolized into inorganic mercury, which is eventually excreted in the urine and faeces. (T11)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

汞离子与蛋白质的巯基或硫醇基团的高亲和力结合被认为是汞活性的主要机制。通过改变细胞内巯基状态，汞可以促进氧化应激、脂质过氧化、线粒体功能障碍和血红素代谢的变化。已知汞能与微囊和线粒体酶结合，导致细胞损伤和死亡。例如，汞能抑制水通道蛋白，阻止细胞膜上的水流。它还抑制蛋白质LCK，导致T细胞信号传导减少和免疫系统抑制。汞还被认为是通过作用于突触后神经元膜来抑制神经兴奋性。它还通过抑制蛋白激酶C和碱性磷酸酶来影响神经系统，这会损害脑微血管的形成和功能，以及改变血脑屏障。有机汞通过结合微管蛋白，阻止微管组装和导致有丝分裂抑制，从而产生发育效应。汞还能产生自身免疫反应，可能是通过修饰主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）II类分子、自身肽、T细胞受体或细胞表面粘附分子。

High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Organic mercury exerts developmental effects by binding to tubulin, preventing microtubule assembly and causing mitotic inhibition. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. (L7, A8, A25, A26)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

水银主要影响神经系统。接触高水平的金属汞、无机汞或有机汞可能导致大脑、肾脏和发育中的胎儿永久性损害。对大脑功能的影响可能导致易怒、害羞、震颤、视力或听力改变以及记忆问题。儿童的水银中毒，即手足粉红病，特点是手和脚疼痛和粉红色变色。水银中毒还可能引起亨特-拉塞尔综合症和熊本病。

Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. (L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L7）；吸入（L7）；皮肤给药（L7）

Oral (L7) ; inhalation (L7) ; dermal (L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

常见症状包括周围神经病变（表现为感觉异常、瘙痒、灼热或疼痛），皮肤变色（红润的面颊、指尖和脚趾），水肿（肿胀）以及脱屑（死皮成层脱落）。

Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). (A5)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)