Leaving group effects in thiolester alkaline hydrolysis. Part 1. A keten-mediated (E1 cB) pathway for basic hydrolysis of S-acetoacetylcoenzyme A and analogues
作者:Kenneth T. Douglas、Norbert F. Yaggi
DOI:10.1039/p29800001037
日期:——
ylcysteamine follows a kinetic ionisation curve with an inflexion corresponding to the pK of this ester as determined by spectrophotometric and electrometric titrations. The rate constant at high pH was shown to follow a Brønsted relationship with βL.G.–1.13, where βL.G. is the slope of a plot of the logarithm of the rate constant versus the pKa of the conjugate acid of the leaving group. This, and
在水性介质中,已经研究了一系列离去基团取代的乙酰硫基乙酸酯(CH 3 COCH 2 COSR)的碱性水解。N-乙酰基-S-乙酰乙酰半胱胺的水解遵循动力学电离曲线,其弯曲度对应于该酯的p K(通过分光光度法和静电滴定法测定)。高pH下的速率常数显示出与βL.G呈布朗斯台德关系。–1.13,其中βL.G. 是速率常数对数与p K a的对数图的斜率离去基团的共轭酸的量。这以及速率比较,活化参数和动力学溶剂同位素效应的其他证据表明,E 1 cB水解机理涉及通过烯酮过渡态使酯烯醇盐离子发生单分子塌陷。S-乙酰乙酰辅酶A也通过该机理在碱中水解。通过这种非分子过程,可以直接比较ArS和ArO离开组的驱逐速率。对于p K L.G.的离去组 如图10所示,氧阴离子离去CA。比硫醇盐阴离子快1或2个数量级;对于p K L.G. 6.0,氧气比硫的优势是103 –10 4折。在直接的结构比较中,PhS的离去速度是PhO的32倍。空间释放的在贡献ë
Chemoselective Transesterification of β-Keto Esters under Neutral Conditions using NBS as a Catalyst
作者:B. P. Bandgar、L. S. Uppalla、V. S. Sadavarte
DOI:10.1055/s-2001-18082
日期:——
Facile and selective transesterification of β-keto esters using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as an efficient and neutral catalyst is described.
Reactions of diketen with arenethiols: preparation of arylthioisocrotonic acids and S-aryl thioacetoacetate esters
作者:Norbert F. Yaggi、Kenneth T. Douglas
DOI:10.1039/c39770000609
日期:——
The products formed by reaction of arenethiols with diketen in the presence of sulphuric acid are β-arylthioisocrotonic acids and not, as has been reported, S-arylthioacetoacetates (which can be prepared by base catalysis).
Selective Catalytic Transesterification, Transthiolesterification, and Protection of Carbonyl Compounds over Natural Kaolinitic Clay
作者:Datta E. Ponde、Vishnu H. Deshpande、Vivek J. Bulbule、Arumugam Sudalai、Anil S.Gajare
DOI:10.1021/jo971404l
日期:1998.2.1
Transesterification and transthiolesterification of beta-keto esters with variety of alcohols and thiols and selective protection of carbonyl functions with various protecting groups catalyzed by natural kaolinitic clay are described. The clay has been found to be an efficient catalyst in transesterifying long chain alcohols, unsaturated alcohols, and phenols to give their corresponding beta-keto esters in high yields. For the first time, transthiolesterification of beta-keto esters with a variety of thiols has been achieved under catalytic conditions. Clay also catalyzes selective transesterification of beta-keto esters by primary alcohols in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols giving corresponding beta-keto esters. A systematic study involving the reactivity of different nucleophiles (alcohols, amines, and thiols) toward beta-keto esters is also described. Sterically hindered carbonyl groups as well as alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups underwent protection without the deconjugation of the double bond. Chemoselective protection of aldehydes in the presence of ketones has also been achieved over natural kaolinitic clay.
A Chemoselective Route to β-Enamino Esters and Thioesters
作者:Dongyue Xin、Kevin Burgess
DOI:10.1021/ol5005643
日期:2014.4.18
Conditions were developed for syntheses of beta-enamino esters, thioesters, and amides. These reactions involve hydroxybenzotriazole derivatives in buffered media. Illustrative syntheses of some heterocyclic systems are given, including some related to protein protein interface mimics.