Unique Overlap in the Prerequisites for Thrombin Inhibition and Oral Bioavailability Resulting in Potent Oral Antithrombotics
摘要:
Despite intense research over the last 10 years, aided by the availability of X-ray structures of enzyme-inhibitor complexes, only very few truly orally active thrombin inhibitors have been found. We conducted a comprehensive study starting with peptide transition state analogues (TSA). Both hydrophobic nonpeptide analogues as well as hydrophilic peptidic analogues were synthesized. The bioavailability in rats and dogs could be drastically altered depending on the overall charge distribution in the molecule. Compound 27, a tripeptide TSA inhibitor of thrombin, showed an oral bioavailability of 32% in rats and 71% in dogs, elimination half-lives being 58 and 108 min, respectively. The thrombin inhibition constant of compound 27 was 1.1 nM, and in an in vivo arterial flow model, the ED50 was 5.4 nmol/kg(.)min, comparable to known non-TSA inhibitors. A molecular design was found that combines antithrombotic efficiency with oral bioavailability at low dosages.
The invention provides a series of novel heterocyclic ketones of formula I ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable base-addition salts thereof, in which the values of R.sup.4, L, A, X and Q have the meanings defined in the following specification. The compounds of formula I are inhibitors of human leukocytic elastase. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable base-addition salt thereof, and processes and intermediates for the manufacture of compounds of formula I.
HODGES, JOHN C.;PATT, WILLIAM C.;CONNOLLY, CLEO J., J. ORG. CHEM., 56,(1991) N, C. 449-452
作者:HODGES, JOHN C.、PATT, WILLIAM C.、CONNOLLY, CLEO J.
DOI:——
日期:——
[EN] COMPOUNDS AS CCR2 MODULATORS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS UTILISÉS COMME MODULATEURS DE CCR2
申请人:[en]ARIA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
公开号:WO2023081666A1
公开(公告)日:2023-05-11
The present disclosure relates generally to small molecule modulators of chemotactic cytokines (chemokine) receptors CCR2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, or prodrug thereof, and methods of making and using thereof.
Unique Overlap in the Prerequisites for Thrombin Inhibition and Oral Bioavailability Resulting in Potent Oral Antithrombotics
作者:Anton E. P. Adang、Adrianus P. A. de Man、Gerard M. T. Vogel、Peter D. J. Grootenhuis、Martin J. Smit、Co A. M. Peters、Arie Visser、Jos B. M. Rewinkel、Theo van Dinther、Hans Lucas、Jan Kelder、Sjoerd van Aelst、Dick G. Meuleman、Constant A. A. van Boeckel
DOI:10.1021/jm011110z
日期:2002.9.1
Despite intense research over the last 10 years, aided by the availability of X-ray structures of enzyme-inhibitor complexes, only very few truly orally active thrombin inhibitors have been found. We conducted a comprehensive study starting with peptide transition state analogues (TSA). Both hydrophobic nonpeptide analogues as well as hydrophilic peptidic analogues were synthesized. The bioavailability in rats and dogs could be drastically altered depending on the overall charge distribution in the molecule. Compound 27, a tripeptide TSA inhibitor of thrombin, showed an oral bioavailability of 32% in rats and 71% in dogs, elimination half-lives being 58 and 108 min, respectively. The thrombin inhibition constant of compound 27 was 1.1 nM, and in an in vivo arterial flow model, the ED50 was 5.4 nmol/kg(.)min, comparable to known non-TSA inhibitors. A molecular design was found that combines antithrombotic efficiency with oral bioavailability at low dosages.
Reactions of lithiooxazole
作者:John C. Hodges、William C. Patt、Cleo J. Connolly