Siloxane based syntheses of fluorous ethenes and their tandem Heck reactions with aryl iodides
摘要:
Perfluoroalkyl-ethenes (RfnCH=CH2, 6a-c; a, n = 4; b, n = 6; c, n = 8) were prepared in good isolated yields (67-89%) and high purity (GC assay > 98%) from various fluorinated organosilanes in fluoride-anion assisted protodesilylation reactions. The environmentally more benign 'KF/NEt3/H2O' reagent combination introduced here was found as an effective substitute for the commonly used tetrabutylammonium-fluoride trihydrate (TBAF center dot 3H(2)O) as a fluoride source. Fluorous styrenes ((E)-RfnCH=CH-Ar, 8) were then prepared in good isolated yields (58-93%/iodoarene) and purities (GC assay > 95%) with the Pd(0) catalyzed Heck coupling of iodoarenes (Ar-1, 7) and perfluoroalkyl-ethenes generated in situ by the fluoride assisted cleavage of (beta-perfluoroalkyl-alpha-iodo-ethyl)-siloxane ((RfnCH2CH(I)SiMe2](2)O, 3) precursors in DMF solution at elevated temperatures. They are accessible by the one-pot reaction of dimethylvinylchlorosilane (CH2=CHSiMe2Cl, 2) and perfluoroalkyl iodides (R-I, 1) as we reported earlier. Similarly, the radical chain addition of C8F17I to CH2=CHSi(OMe)(3) (9) gave (beta-perfluorooctyl-alpha-iodo-ethyl)-trimethoxysilane ([C8F17CH2CH(I)]Si(OMe)(3), 10) in good yield, which then was reacted with silica gel in dry toluene to obtain an SiO2-bonded (perfluorooctyl)ethene surrogate [silica(-O-)(3)Si-CH(I)CH2C8F17, 11]. The fluoride assisted cleavage of 11 and tandem Heck reaction with iodobenzene afforded the appropriate cross-coupled product (E)-C8F17CH=CHPh. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hiyama coupling reaction of fluorous alkenyl-fluorosilanes: Scope and mechanistic considerations
作者:Ágnes Csapó、Andrea Bodor、József Rábai
DOI:10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.03.007
日期:2012.5
Novel fluorous alkenyl-fluorosilanes (CnF2n+1CH=CHSiMe2F; n = 4, 6, 8; 5a-c) were synthetized in a three step procedure from perfluoroalkyliodides and dimethylvinylchlorosilane. They were first reacted with iodobenzene at room temperature in Hiyama coupling reaction (DMF, Pd(OAc)(2), TBAF, 72 h) to afford the appropriate omega-perfluoroalkyl-styrenes (CnF2n+1CH=CHC6H5, n = 4, 6, 8): then the reactivity of 5a with monosubstituted iodobenzenes was studied. The coupling reaction of Sa with o-substituted iodobenzenes usually failed, while that of with the m- and p-substituted ones gave fluorous styrenes [m- or p-(C4F9CH=CH)C6H4X], independently of the electronic effect of their substituent (X = Br, CF3, CH3, OCH3). These volatile products can easily be isolated by steam-distilltaion and purified further by distillation. The mechanism of the above coupling reactions was a pure Hiyama type involving fluoride-ion induced transmetallation without any Heck type contribution, since no coupling product of C6F13CH=CH2 and C6H5I was observed in blank control experiments using similar conditions (DMF, TBAF, Pd(OAc)(2), 72 h, 25 degrees C). (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.