Nonpeptide Small Molecule Agonist and Antagonist Original Leads for Neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 Receptors
摘要:
Neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R), and their endogenous ligand NPFF, are one of only several systems responsible for mediating opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, and dependence. Currently, no small molecules displaying good affinity or selectivity for either subtype have been reported, to decipher the role of NPFF2-R as it relates to opioid-mediated analgesia, for further exploration of NPFF1-R, or for medication development for either subtype. We report the first nonpeptide small molecule scaffold for NPFF1,2-R, the guanidino-piperidines, and SAR studies resulting in the discovery of a NPFF1 agonist (7b, K-i = 487 +/- 117 nM), a NPFF1 antagonist (46, K-i = 81 +/- 17 nM), and a NPFF2 partial antagonist (53a, K-i = 30 +/- 5 nM), which serve as leads for the development of pharmacological probes and potential therapeutic agents. Testing of 46 alone was without effect in the mouse 48 degrees C warm-water tail-withdrawal test, but pretreatment with 46 prevented NPFF-induced hyperalgesia.
Discovery and SAR of a Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Nonpeptide Classical Competitive Inhibitor Class of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
作者:Henrik Sune Andersen、Ole H. Olsen、Lars F. Iversen、Anette L. P. Sørensen、Steen B. Mortensen、Michael S. Christensen、Sven Branner、Thomas K. Hansen、Jesper F. Lau、Lone Jeppesen、Edmond J. Moran、Jing Su、Farid Bakir、Luke Judge、Manou Shahbaz、Tassie Collins、Todd Vo、Michael J. Newman、William C. Ripka、Niels Peter H. Møller
DOI:10.1021/jm0209026
日期:2002.9.1
Reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of key proteins on tyrosine residues are important parts of intracellular signaling triggered by hormones and other agents. Recent knock-out studies in mice have identified PTP1B as a potential target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. As a consequence, a number of academic and industrial groups are aggressively pursuing the development of selective PTP1B inhibitors. In addition, other protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) appear to be critically involved in major diseases such as cancer and autoimmunity. Given the diversity of PTPs and their potential as drug targets in different diseases, we have taken a broad approach to develop active site-directed selective inhibitors of specific members of this family of enzymes. Using a high throughput screening, we have previously identified 2-(oxalylamino)benzoic acid 3a as a relatively weak but classical competitive inhibitor of several PTPs.(4) On the basis of our early studies, indicating that 3a might be used as a starting point for the synthesis of selective PTP inhibitors, we now present our efforts in expansion of this concept and provide here a number of new chemical scaffolds for the development of inhibitors of different members of the PTP family. Although the core structure of these inhibitors is charged, good oral bioavailability has been observed in rat for some compounds. Furthermore, we have observed enhancement of 2-deoxy-glucose accumulation in C2C12 cells with prodrug analogues.