Novel Inhibitors of the Gardos Channel for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease
摘要:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary condition characterized by deformation of red blood cells (RBCs). This phenomenon is due to the presence of abnormal hemoglobin that polymerizes upon deoxygenation. This effect is exacerbated when dehydrated RBCs experience a loss of both water and potassium salts. One critical pathway for the regulation of potassium efflux from RBCs is the Gardos channel, a calcium-activated potassium channel. This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of potent inhibitors of the Gardos channel. The goal was to identify compounds that were potent and selective inhibitors of the channel but had improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to 1, Clotrimazole. Several triarylamides such as 10 and 21 were potent inhibitors of the Gardos channel (IC50 of < 10 nM) and active in a mouse model of SCD. Compound 21 (ICA-17043) was advanced into phase 3 clinical trials for SCD.
The use of novel inhibitors of potassium flux is disclosed for the treatment of inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuritis and pulmonary hypertension. The compounds are also of use in treating and preventing stroke. These inhibitors have a high specificity for the IK1 channel and greater stability relative to non-fluorine substituted homologues.
The use of novel inhibitors of potassium flux is disclosed for the treatment of inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuritis and pulmonary hypertension. The compounds are also of use in treating and preventing stroke. These inhibitors have a high specificity for the IK1 channel and greater stability relative to non-fluorine substituted homologues.