antimony isopropoxide

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机盐 - 有机金属盐
• 英文名称: antimony isopropoxide
• 英文别名: tri-isopropoxystibine；antimony tris-tert-butoxide；Triisopropylantimonit；Antimonyl-tri-isopropoxid；Antimon-tri-(i-propoxid)；Tri-isopropoxy-stibin；Tri-isopropoxyantimon；Antimon-isopropoxid；Antimonisopropylat；Isopropylantimonit；antimonous acid triisopropyl ester；Antimonigsaeure-triisopropylester；Antimon-triisopropylat；triisopropoxystibane；Antimony(III) isopropoxide；tripropan-2-yl stiborite
• 化学式: C₉H₂₁O₃Sb
• 分子量: 299.014
• InChiKey: HYPTXUAFIRUIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.12
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  69.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

锑在体内广泛分布。头发和皮肤含有最高的锑水平。肾上腺、肺、大肠、气管、小脑和肾脏也含有相对较高的锑。血液是将吸收的锑运输到体内各个组织隔室的主要载体。锑是一种金属，因此不会发生分解代谢。锑可以与巯基和磷酸共价相互作用，以及与内源性配体（例如，蛋白质）发生许多可逆的绑定相互作用。目前尚不清楚这些相互作用在毒理学上是否具有重要意义。锑通过尿液和粪便排出体外。部分粪便中的锑可能代表未被吸收的锑，这些锑通过粘液纤毛活动从肺部清除，进入食道再到胃肠道。

Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

吸入数据显示，心肌是锑中毒的目标。锑可能通过干扰糖原分解和糖异生途径的酶来影响循环葡萄糖。锑的作用机制尚不清楚。然而，一些研究表明，锑与巯基基团结合，包括在组织呼吸中几个重要酶中的巯基。BAL的解毒作用取决于其阻止或破坏锑与关键酶结合的能力。此外，死亡原因被认为与急性砷中毒基本相同。(T18, L741, A238)

The inhalation data suggest that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. (T18, L741, A238)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

皮肤接触锑可以导致锑斑（围绕汗腺和皮脂腺的丘疹和脓疱）。锑中毒还可能导致肺尘埃沉着病。吸入锑可能导致肺部功能改变和其他影响，包括慢性支气管炎、慢性肺气肿、活动性肺结核、胸膜粘连和刺激。锑中毒还可能导致血压升高。心肌抑制、血管扩张和体液流失可能导致低血压、电解质紊乱和急性肾衰竭的休克。脑水肿、昏迷、抽搐和死亡也是可能的。（L741）

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入（L741）；口服（L741）；皮肤给药（L741）

Inhalation (L741) ; oral (L741) ; dermal (L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

腹部疼痛、呕吐、腹泻可能是由吸入锑引起的。呼吸困难、头痛、呕吐、咳嗽、结膜炎和鼻出血脓性分泌物可能是由吸入暴露引起的。皮肤或眼睛接触可能会导致暴露表面疼痛和发红。（T64, L741）

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. (T64, L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  antimony isopropoxide 生成 antimony trioxide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  ODZAKI, JOSIXARU;TAKAKI, KEHNKITI

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  sodium isopropylate 在 三氯化锑 作用下， 生成 antimony isopropoxide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  The Economics of Erosion and Sustainable Practices: The Case of the Saint-Esprit Watershed

  摘要：

  This paper examines the economics of the adoption of sustainable production practices for soil erosion control. The research was conducted on three case farms within the Saint‐Esprit watershed in Quebec using a two‐stage process. The first stage involved the use of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to record erosion characteristics (slope, etc.) for these farmers'fields. This erosion information was then included as input information in the second stage of the process. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) was used to model both individual farms and the watershed. Increasing erosion constraints were applied to these models to investigate changes in crop production mixes for farms and the watershed. A comparison of the results (farms versus watershed) was used to investigate policy questions concerning an optimal erosion constraint for society. Results generated indicate that farms with higher net incomes would be advantaged by erosion constraints set at the watershed level, whereas farms with lower net revenues would be disadvantaged. Thus, trading of pollution permits could be encouraged.Cet article examine les aspects économiques de l'adoption de pratiques de production durables visant a réduire l'érosion du sol. La recherche fut effectuée sur trois fermes situées dans le has sin du Saint‐Esprit au Québec, et impliqua un processus à deux étapes. Le premier étape consiste en l'utilisation du systéme d'informations géographiques “ SIG ” afin de noter les caractéristiques de l'érosion (pente, etc.) dans ces champs agricoles. Ces renseignements servirent de données au sein du deuxième étape. La méthode de programmation linéaire à nombres entiers mixtes fut employée afin de modéliser les fermes individuelles, ainsi que le bassin. Ensuite, les contraintes d‘érosion furent appliquées sur ces modèles de manière croissante, et ce afin d'étudier les changements dans le melange des productions de cultures pour les fermes et le bassin. Une comparaison des résultats (fermes vs. bassin) fut accomplie pour examiner les questions de politiques pouvant mener à une contrainte d‘érosion optimale pour la société. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les fermes ayant des revenus nets élevés seraient avantagées par des contraintes d'érosion établies au niveau du bassin, tandis que les fermes aux revenus nets plus bas en seraient désavantagées. En conséquence, l'échange de permis de pollution est recommandé.

  DOI：

  10.1111/j.1744-7976.2000.tb00269.x

文献信息

• Insertion of Ketene and Diphenylketene to the Pnictogen-Heteroatom Bonds
  作者：Fumio Ando、Yoshihiko Kohmura、Jugo Koketsu

  DOI：10.1246/bcsj.60.1564

  日期：1987.4

  Ketene and diphenylketene insert across the heteroatom-metal bond of amino-, alkoxy-, and alkylthiopnictogens, R3−nMXn, to give the corresponding α-metallated acetamides, esters, and thioesters, R3−nM(CH2COX)n and R3−nM(CPh2COX)n (M=As, Sb, Bi; X=NR2, OR, SR; n=1,3), respectively.

  乙烯酮和二苯乙烯酮会插入氨基、烷氧基和烷硫基类化合物的杂原子-金属键中，生成相应的α-金属化乙酰胺、酯和硫酯，即R3−nM(CH2COX)n和R3−nM(CPh2COX)n（其中M=As、Sb、Bi；X=NR2、OR、SR；n=1,3）。
• Selective acetalization of aldehydes with trialkoxystibine using allyl bromide
  作者：Yi Liao、Yao-Zeng Huang、Fang-Hua Zhu

  DOI：10.1039/c39900000493

  日期：——

  Trialkoxystibine has been found to be an effective reagent for selective acetalization of aldehydes with the aid of allyl bromide.

  已经发现三烷氧基他滨是在烯丙基溴的帮助下对醛进行选择性缩醛化的有效试剂。
• Mixed halide dialkyldithiophosphate derivatives of arsenic(III) and antimony(III)
  作者：H.P.S. Chauhan、G. Srivastava、R.C. Mehrotra

  DOI：10.1016/s0277-5387(00)83929-7

  日期：1983.1

  arsenic(III) and antimony(III), [(RO) 2 PSS] n MCl 3−n (M = As, Sb; n = 1, 2; R = C 2 H 5 , n -C 3 H 7 , i -C 3 H 7 and i -C 4 H 9 ) have been synthesized for the first time by the reac metal chlorides with sodium dialkyldithiophosphates or alternatively by co-disproportionation reactions of metal chlorides with metal tris (dialkyldithiophosphates) in different stoichiometric ratios. Mixed halide dialkyl-dithiophosphates

  摘要砷（III）和锑（III），[（RO）2 PSS] n MCl 3−n（M = As，Sb; n = 1，2; R = C 2 H 5，n -C 3 H 7，i -C 3 H 7和i -C 4 H 9）是通过反应金属氯化物与二烷基二硫代磷酸钠首次合成的，或者通过金属氯化物与金属三（二烷基二硫代磷酸酯）的共歧化反应合成的。不同的化学计量比。锑（III）的混合卤化物二烷基二硫代磷酸酯也已通过三锑（二异丙基二硫代磷酸酯）与溴或碘的裂解反应制得。还研究了其中一些化合物的水解反应。这些新化合物已通过元素分析，分子量测定（冰冻分析）以及IR和NMR（1 H，31 P）数据进行了表征。
• 121Sb Mössbauer spectral and related studies on Sb(III) complexes
  作者：Anil Saxena、Jagdish P. Tandon、Thomas Birchall、Bernard Ducourant、Guy Mascherpa

  DOI：10.1016/s0277-5387(00)88003-1

  日期：1984.1

  the type, (PriO)SbL and Sb2L3 are described (where L is the dianion of semicarbazone or thiosemicarbazone). The Mössbauer spectra are typical of Sb(III) complexes in which the non-bonding pair of electrons is stereochemically active. The thiosemicarbazone complexes show more negative isomer shifts compared to the semicarbazone complexes.

  描述了类型为（Pr i O）SbL和Sb 2 L 3的锑（III）配合物的键合和结构特征（其中L是半碳zone或硫代半碳zone的二价阴离子）。Mössbauer光谱是典型的Sb（III）配合物，其中非键电子对具有立体化学活性。与半卡巴zone络合物相比，硫代半卡巴zone络合物显示出更多的负异构体位移。
• Self-assembly of reversed bilayer vesicles through pnictogen bonding: water-stable supramolecular nanocontainers for organic solvents
  作者：Shiva Moaven、Brandon T. Watson、Shelby B. Thompson、Veronica J. Lyons、Daniel K. Unruh、Dominick J. Casadonte、Dimitri Pappas、Anthony F. Cozzolino

  DOI：10.1039/d0sc00206b

  日期：——

  A new air and moisture stable antimony thiolate compound has been prepared that spontaneously forms stable hollow vesicles. Structural data reveals that pnictogen bonding drives the self-assembly of these molecules into a reversed bilayer. The ability to make these hollow, spherical, and chemically and temporally stable vesicles that can be broken and reformed by sonication allows these systems to

  制备了一种新的对空气和湿气稳定的硫醇锑化合物，该化合物可自发形成稳定的空心囊泡。结构数据表明，光原键驱动这些分子的自组装成反向双层。使这些中空的，球形的和化学上和时间上稳定的囊泡能够被超声破碎并重新形成的能力使得这些系统可以用于有机介质中的包封和分隔。通过封装和表征几个有机小报告分子可以证明这一点。