申请人:Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
公开号:US04612143A1
公开(公告)日:1986-09-16
A process for the preparation of fluoroformates of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or polycyclic radical, or substituted or unsubstituted araliphatic radical or an aromatic radical, which consists of reacting a carbonate of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 has the same meaning as hereinabove and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5-12 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or R.sup.2 is aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms, with an alkali or alkaline earth fluoride, ammonium fluoride or a quaternary ammonium fluoride, of formula FNR.sup.3 R.sup.4 R.sup.5 R.sup.6, wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 are the same or different and are hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl of 1-12 carbon atoms or a fluoride which is KHF.sub.2, NH.sub.4 HF.sub.2 or KSO.sub.2 F. The fluoride is activated by a complexing agent for the cation which is a cryptate, a cyclic or linear polyether or by means of a polar aprotic compound. The carbonate is split to give a reaction mixture containing an aldehyde and the fluoroformate which is removed from the reaction mixture.
一种制备式为:##STR1## 其中R.sup.1是取代或未取代的饱和或不饱和脂肪族,环脂肪族或多环基团基,或取代或未取代的芳基烷基基团或芳基基团的氟甲酸酯的方法,包括将式为:##STR2## 其中R.sup.1具有与上述相同的含义,R.sup.2是氢,1-12个碳原子的烷基,5-12个碳原子的环烷基,饱和或不饱和,未取代或取代一个或多个卤素原子或R.sup.2是芳基,未取代或取代一个或多个卤素原子的碳酸盐与碱金属或碱土金属氟化物,铵氟或季铵氟反应,公式为FNR.sup.3R.sup.4R.sup.5R.sup.6,其中R.sup.3,R.sup.4,R.sup.5,R.sup.6相同或不同,是氢,1-12个碳原子的烷基或烷基芳基基团或是氟化物,其为KHF.sub.2,NH.sub.4HF.sub.2或KSO.sub.2F。氟化物由离子的络合剂激活,该离子的络合剂是加密物,环状或线性聚醚或通过极性无水化合物的手段。碳酸盐分裂,生成包含醛和氟甲酸酯的反应混合物,其中氟甲酸酯从反应混合物中去除。