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有机颜料

有机颜料是由有机化合物制成,具有颜料性能的有色材料。常见的种类包括偶氮颜料、色淀颜料、酞菁颜料和喹吖啶酮颜料等,这些均为人工合成的有机化合物。其生产过程与有机染料类似,因此常在染料工业中制造,但作为颜料使用时,它们与有机染料有所区别。有机颜料不溶于水、有机溶剂及其他应用介质,主要通过成膜物或胶粘剂附着于被着色物体表面,以达到着色目的。

这类颜料是不溶性的有机化合物,具有极高的着色力。所谓不溶性意味着它们在大多数环境中的溶解度极低。作为颜料使用的有机化合物还需具备一系列特性:耐日晒、耐水浸、耐酸、耐碱、耐有机溶剂以及良好的热稳定性和在介质中易分散等。从化学结构上看,有机颜料与染料类似,但关键区别在于前者对底物无亲和力而后者有亲和力。因此,有机颜料必须通过胶粘剂或成膜物质固定在底物表面。

有机颜料广泛应用于油墨、油漆、橡胶制品、塑料制品及涂料印花色浆的着色。常见的品种包括偶氮颜料、色淀颜料、酞菁颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料、二噁嗪颜料、苝红颜料和异吲哚啉酮颜料等。有机颜料的一些优良性能,如鲜艳色泽、良好分散性和高着色力等,并非在合成过程中自然具备,而是通过精细的加工获得。这种技术是当前有机颜料研究的主要方向。

有机颜料主要应用于油墨(50%)、涂料(25%)、塑料(12%)和橡胶(10%),其他应用仅占3%。颜料能够为油墨提供色彩及耐久性、流动性和适宜粘度等优良性能;作为塑料及合成纤维的着色剂,使这些材料展现出美丽的颜色;在橡胶工业中则用作填料和补强剂等。不同应用条件对有机颜料的性能要求各异,但总体而言,优质有机颜料应具备鲜艳色泽、高着色力、耐热耐光性、良好分散性和低吸油量及强遮盖力等特点。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
C.I.颜料黄14 pigment yellow 14 5468-75-7 C34H30Cl2N6O4
C.I.颜料黄12 C.I. pigment yellow 12 6358-85-6 C32H26Cl2N6O4
C.I.颜料蓝27 prussian blue 12240-15-2 C6FeN6*Fe*K
C.I.颜料蓝1 victoria blue BO 1325-87-7 C33H40N3
C.I.颜料红8 pigment red 8 6410-30-6 C24H17ClN4O4
C.I.颜料红7 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-4-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- 6471-51-8 C25H19Cl2N3O2
C.I.颜料红58 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-chloro-3-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- 25310-97-8 C17H11ClN2O6S
C.I.颜料红40 1-(2'-hydroxynaphthylazo)naphthalene 2653-64-7 C20H14N2O
C.I.颜料红32 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboximidic acid 6410-29-3 C31H24N4O4
C.I.颜料红31 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboximidic acid 6448-96-0 C31H23N5O6
C.I.颜料红208 Benzoic acid, 2-[[3-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl]azo]-, butyl ester 31778-10-6 C29H25N5O5
C.I.颜料红17 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- 6655-84-1 C25H20N4O4
C.I.颜料红 176 Pigment Red 176 12225-06-8 C32H24N6O5
C.I.颜料紫3 C.I. Basic Violet 1, molybdatetungstatephosphate 1325-82-2 C20H19N3
C.I.颜料橙14 2,2'-[(3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] 6837-37-2 C38H40N6O6
7-氯靛红 7-chloroisatin 7477-63-6 C8H4ClNO2
5-氯-2-[(2-羟-1-萘基)偶氮]-4-甲基苯磺酸单钠盐 2092-56-0 C17H13ClN2NaO4S
4-氨基-5-羟基-3-[[4-[[4-(苯基氨基)-5-磺酸基-1-萘基]偶氮]苯基]偶氮]-6-(苯基偶氮)萘-2,7-二磺酸三钠 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-(2-(4-(2-(4-(phenylamino)-5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-6-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:3) 68155-61-3 C38H25N8Na3O10S3
4,4'-[[3,3'-二氯(1,1'-联苯)-4,4'-二基]二(偶氮)]二[2,4-二氢-5-甲基-2-苯基-3H-吡唑-3-酮] pigment orange 13 3520-72-7 C32H24Cl2N8O2
3133永固红2BN 7585-41-3 C18H13BaClN2O6S
3-羟基-4-[(2-甲基-4-硝基苯基)偶氮]-N-(2-甲苯基)-2-萘甲酰胺(9CL) 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- 6410-32-8 C25H20N4O4
2,2'-(2,2',5,5'-四氯-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-双偶氮)双[N-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-3-氧代-丁酰胺] 2-[[2,5-dichloro-4-[2,5-dichloro-4-[[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide 22094-93-5 C36H32Cl4N6O4
—— Disodium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 3564-21-4 C18H11ClN2Na2O6S
—— 7538-59-2 C17H11CaClN2O6S
—— D & C Red No. 9 5160-02-1 Ba*2C17H12ClN2O4S
—— Lithol Rubine B 5858-81-1 C18H12N2O6S*2Na
—— sodium;iron(2+);1-nitrosonaphthalen-2-olate 16143-80-9 C90H54FeN9NaO18-6
—— Prussian blue 12240-15-2 3C6FeN6*4Fe*(x)H2O
—— 4-[(5-Chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate;manganese(2+) 5280-66-0 C18H10ClMnN2O6S-
—— sodium tris(naphto-2-quinone-1-oximato)ferrate(II) 15635-53-7 C30H18FeN3O6*Na
—— 4-(2-sulfo-p-tolylazo)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid calcium salt 5281-09-4 C18H12N2O6S*Ca
—— zinc molybdate 13767-32-3 MoO4*Zn
—— Molybdenum zinc oxide 61583-60-6 MoO4Zn-6
—— 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5'-(1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diylidene)bis- 36888-99-0 C16H9N5O6
—— Ferrate(1-), tris(1,2-naphthalenedione 1-oximato-O,O')-, sodium 16143-80-9 C30H18FeN3O6*Na
—— Arsenic sulfide 1303-33-9 As2S3
—— Hansagelb G 2512-29-0 C17H16N4O4
—— Kaolin 1332-58-7 H2Al2Si2O8 H2O
—— 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-[[3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonic acid 185252-52-2 C17H15ClN4O7S2
—— Kaolinite (Al2(OH)4(Si2O5)) 1318-74-7 Al2H4O9Si2
—— Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chloro-2-(2-(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-5-methyl-, calcium salt (1:1) 129423-54-7 C17H13CaClN4O7S2
—— pigment red 264 88949-33-1 C30H20N2O2
—— Dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate 14807-96-6 H2Mg3O12Si4
—— 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[2-[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-ylidene]hydrazinyl]phenyl]phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide 5102-83-0 C36H34Cl2N6O4
—— Benzidine orange 3520-72-7 C32H24Cl2N8O2
—— Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-[[1-[[(2-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]-3-nitro-, calcium salt (2:1) 71832-85-4 C64H48CaCl4N16O28S4-2
—— 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-((4-chloro-3-sulfophenyl)azo)-3-hydroxy-, barium salt (1:1) 76613-71-3 C17H9BaClN2O6S
—— calcium chromate 53568-70-0 Ca*CrO4