有机颜料是由有机化合物制成,具有颜料性能的有色材料。常见的种类包括偶氮颜料、色淀颜料、酞菁颜料和喹吖啶酮颜料等,这些均为人工合成的有机化合物。其生产过程与有机染料类似,因此常在染料工业中制造,但作为颜料使用时,它们与有机染料有所区别。有机颜料不溶于水、有机溶剂及其他应用介质,主要通过成膜物或胶粘剂附着于被着色物体表面,以达到着色目的。
这类颜料是不溶性的有机化合物,具有极高的着色力。所谓不溶性意味着它们在大多数环境中的溶解度极低。作为颜料使用的有机化合物还需具备一系列特性:耐日晒、耐水浸、耐酸、耐碱、耐有机溶剂以及良好的热稳定性和在介质中易分散等。从化学结构上看,有机颜料与染料类似,但关键区别在于前者对底物无亲和力而后者有亲和力。因此,有机颜料必须通过胶粘剂或成膜物质固定在底物表面。
有机颜料广泛应用于油墨、油漆、橡胶制品、塑料制品及涂料印花色浆的着色。常见的品种包括偶氮颜料、色淀颜料、酞菁颜料、喹吖啶酮颜料、二噁嗪颜料、苝红颜料和异吲哚啉酮颜料等。有机颜料的一些优良性能,如鲜艳色泽、良好分散性和高着色力等,并非在合成过程中自然具备,而是通过精细的加工获得。这种技术是当前有机颜料研究的主要方向。
有机颜料主要应用于油墨(50%)、涂料(25%)、塑料(12%)和橡胶(10%),其他应用仅占3%。颜料能够为油墨提供色彩及耐久性、流动性和适宜粘度等优良性能;作为塑料及合成纤维的着色剂,使这些材料展现出美丽的颜色;在橡胶工业中则用作填料和补强剂等。不同应用条件对有机颜料的性能要求各异,但总体而言,优质有机颜料应具备鲜艳色泽、高着色力、耐热耐光性、良好分散性和低吸油量及强遮盖力等特点。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| C.I.颜料黄14 | pigment yellow 14 | 5468-75-7 | C34H30Cl2N6O4 |
| C.I.颜料黄12 | C.I. pigment yellow 12 | 6358-85-6 | C32H26Cl2N6O4 |
| C.I.颜料蓝27 | prussian blue | 12240-15-2 | C6FeN6*Fe*K |
| C.I.颜料蓝1 | victoria blue BO | 1325-87-7 | C33H40N3 |
| C.I.颜料红8 | pigment red 8 | 6410-30-6 | C24H17ClN4O4 |
| C.I.颜料红7 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-4-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- | 6471-51-8 | C25H19Cl2N3O2 |
| C.I.颜料红58 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-chloro-3-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- | 25310-97-8 | C17H11ClN2O6S |
| C.I.颜料红40 | 1-(2'-hydroxynaphthylazo)naphthalene | 2653-64-7 | C20H14N2O |
| C.I.颜料红32 | 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboximidic acid | 6410-29-3 | C31H24N4O4 |
| C.I.颜料红31 | 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboximidic acid | 6448-96-0 | C31H23N5O6 |
| C.I.颜料红208 | Benzoic acid, 2-[[3-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl]azo]-, butyl ester | 31778-10-6 | C29H25N5O5 |
| C.I.颜料红17 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- | 6655-84-1 | C25H20N4O4 |
| C.I.颜料红 176 | Pigment Red 176 | 12225-06-8 | C32H24N6O5 |
| C.I.颜料紫3 | C.I. Basic Violet 1, molybdatetungstatephosphate | 1325-82-2 | C20H19N3 |
| C.I.颜料橙14 | 2,2'-[(3,3'-dimethoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] | 6837-37-2 | C38H40N6O6 |
| 7-氯靛红 | 7-chloroisatin | 7477-63-6 | C8H4ClNO2 |
| 5-氯-2-[(2-羟-1-萘基)偶氮]-4-甲基苯磺酸单钠盐 | 2092-56-0 | C17H13ClN2NaO4S | |
| 4-氨基-5-羟基-3-[[4-[[4-(苯基氨基)-5-磺酸基-1-萘基]偶氮]苯基]偶氮]-6-(苯基偶氮)萘-2,7-二磺酸三钠 | 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 4-amino-5-hydroxy-3-(2-(4-(2-(4-(phenylamino)-5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)-6-(2-phenyldiazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:3) | 68155-61-3 | C38H25N8Na3O10S3 |
| 4,4'-[[3,3'-二氯(1,1'-联苯)-4,4'-二基]二(偶氮)]二[2,4-二氢-5-甲基-2-苯基-3H-吡唑-3-酮] | pigment orange 13 | 3520-72-7 | C32H24Cl2N8O2 |
| 3133永固红2BN | 7585-41-3 | C18H13BaClN2O6S | |
| 3-羟基-4-[(2-甲基-4-硝基苯基)偶氮]-N-(2-甲苯基)-2-萘甲酰胺(9CL) | 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- | 6410-32-8 | C25H20N4O4 |
| 2,2'-(2,2',5,5'-四氯-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-双偶氮)双[N-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-3-氧代-丁酰胺] | 2-[[2,5-dichloro-4-[2,5-dichloro-4-[[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide | 22094-93-5 | C36H32Cl4N6O4 |
| —— | Disodium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate | 3564-21-4 | C18H11ClN2Na2O6S |
| —— | 7538-59-2 | C17H11CaClN2O6S | |
| —— | D & C Red No. 9 | 5160-02-1 | Ba*2C17H12ClN2O4S |
| —— | Lithol Rubine B | 5858-81-1 | C18H12N2O6S*2Na |
| —— | sodium;iron(2+);1-nitrosonaphthalen-2-olate | 16143-80-9 | C90H54FeN9NaO18-6 |
| —— | Prussian blue | 12240-15-2 | 3C6FeN6*4Fe*(x)H2O |
| —— | 4-[(5-Chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxidonaphthalene-2-carboxylate;manganese(2+) | 5280-66-0 | C18H10ClMnN2O6S- |
| —— | sodium tris(naphto-2-quinone-1-oximato)ferrate(II) | 15635-53-7 | C30H18FeN3O6*Na |
| —— | 4-(2-sulfo-p-tolylazo)-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid calcium salt | 5281-09-4 | C18H12N2O6S*Ca |
| —— | zinc molybdate | 13767-32-3 | MoO4*Zn |
| —— | Molybdenum zinc oxide | 61583-60-6 | MoO4Zn-6 |
| —— | 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5'-(1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diylidene)bis- | 36888-99-0 | C16H9N5O6 |
| —— | Ferrate(1-), tris(1,2-naphthalenedione 1-oximato-O,O')-, sodium | 16143-80-9 | C30H18FeN3O6*Na |
| —— | Arsenic sulfide | 1303-33-9 | As2S3 |
| —— | Hansagelb G | 2512-29-0 | C17H16N4O4 |
| —— | Kaolin | 1332-58-7 | H2Al2Si2O8 H2O |
| —— | 4-chloro-5-methyl-2-[[3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-4H-pyrazol-4-yl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonic acid | 185252-52-2 | C17H15ClN4O7S2 |
| —— | Kaolinite (Al2(OH)4(Si2O5)) | 1318-74-7 | Al2H4O9Si2 |
| —— | Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-chloro-2-(2-(4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(3-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-5-methyl-, calcium salt (1:1) | 129423-54-7 | C17H13CaClN4O7S2 |
| —— | pigment red 264 | 88949-33-1 | C30H20N2O2 |
| —— | Dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate | 14807-96-6 | H2Mg3O12Si4 |
| —— | 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[2-[1-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-ylidene]hydrazinyl]phenyl]phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide | 5102-83-0 | C36H34Cl2N6O4 |
| —— | Benzidine orange | 3520-72-7 | C32H24Cl2N8O2 |
| —— | Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-[[1-[[(2-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]-3-nitro-, calcium salt (2:1) | 71832-85-4 | C64H48CaCl4N16O28S4-2 |
| —— | 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-((4-chloro-3-sulfophenyl)azo)-3-hydroxy-, barium salt (1:1) | 76613-71-3 | C17H9BaClN2O6S |
| —— | calcium chromate | 53568-70-0 | Ca*CrO4 |