颜料是一种白色或有色的微细粉状物质,它不溶于水或油等介质中,却能在其中均匀分散,在这种体系里,颜料为分散相而介质为连续相。当与各种介质(包括展色剂)混合时,可以使物体着色,并且自身不会溶解在被着色物中,从而赋予物体特定色彩;有时文献还会进一步规定,颜料不应与被着色物发生化学反应。然而,随着科技的进步,这一限制已被打破,因为有些颜料可以与被着色物产生一定的化学作用。
作为颜料应具备适当的颜色(包括白色)、良好的着色力、遮盖力、高度分散性、对光的稳定性以及色泽鲜艳等特性。根据其化学组成,可分为无机颜料和有机颜料;按颜色分类,则有白色、红色、黄色、黑色等多种颜料;而依据来源又分为天然与合成两大类,其中天然颜料进一步细分为动物、植物和矿物三种。
按照用途,颜料大致可以分为着色颜料、体质颜料及功能颜料。着色颜料包括无机和有机两类,主要是为了赋予应用介质各种颜色;体质颜料则是一种既无着色力也无遮盖力的颜料,早期主要用于降低成本并改善涂料、塑料等产品的性能,现在被称作填料或体质(增量)颜料,主要来源于天然矿产品如碳酸钙、滑石粉、云母粉及合成品如沉淀硫酸钡;功能颜料则赋予产品特定功能,例如示温颜料、防污颜料、发光颜料等。
与染料相比,颜料不溶于介质中,有些甚至不会溶解在被着色物中,并且一般也不会与其发生化学反应。然而,有时两者可以互相通用,如某些蒽醌类染料既可用作染料也可用作颜料;而一些颜料和染料之间也可以相互转换,比如通过将染料转化为不溶性的色淀来制作颜料。
在涂料工业中,颜料是不可或缺的原料之一。此外,它们还广泛应用于印刷、橡胶、塑料、化纤、造纸、陶瓷、玻璃、搪瓷、印染、建材、油墨和绘画等行业,能够赋予产品装饰性、不透明性、耐久性和特殊功能等特性。随着科技的发展,高性能颜料的应用将会进一步扩大和改进。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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颜料黄83 | Pigment Yellow 83 | 5567-15-7 | C36H32Cl4N6O8 |
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颜料黄74 | 2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide | 6358-31-2 | C18H18N4O6 |
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颜料黄63 | 2,2'-{[3,3'-dichloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl]bis(azo)}bis[N-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] | 14569-54-1 | C32H24Cl4N6O4 |
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颜料黄180 | C.I. pigment yellow 180 | 77804-81-0 | C36H32N10O8 |
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颜料黄128 | 3,3'-[(2-chloro-5-methyl-p-phenylene)bis[imino(1-acetyl-2-oxoethylene)azo]]bis[4-chloro-N-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide] | 79953-85-8 | C55H37Cl5F6N8O8 |
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颜料红R-122 | 3,10-dimethyl quinacridone | 16043-40-6 | C22H16N2O2 |
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颜料红5 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-((5-((diethylamino)sulfonyl)-2-methoxyphenyl)azo)-3-hydroxy- | 6410-41-9 | C30H31ClN4O7S |
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颜料红4 | pigment red 4 | 2814-77-9 | C16H10ClN3O3 |
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颜料红264 | 1,4-Diketo-3,6-bis(4-biphenylyl)pyrrolo(3,4-C)pyrrole | 88949-33-1 | C30H20N2O2 |
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颜料红2 | 4-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-3-hydroxy-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide | 6041-94-7 | C23H15Cl2N3O2 |
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颜料红184 | pigment red 269 | 67990-05-0 | C32H25ClN4O5 |
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颜料红170 | C.I. Pigment Red 170 | 2786-76-7 | C26H22N4O4 |
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颜料红 9 | 1-(2',5'-dichlorophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthanilide | 6410-38-4 | C24H17Cl2N3O3 |
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颜料红 21 | 4-(2-chloro-phenylazo)-3-hydroxy-[2]naphthoic acid anilide | 6410-26-0 | C23H16ClN3O2 |
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颜料红 | C.I. Pigment Red 122 | 980-26-7 | C22H16N2O2 |
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颜料紫23 | 8,18-dichloro-5,15-diethyl-5,15-dihydrodiindolo<3,2-b:3',2'-m>triphenodioxazine | 6358-30-1 | C34H22Cl2N4O2 |
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颜料橙 5 | pigment orange 5 | 3468-63-1 | C16H10N4O5 |
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陶土,高岭土 | Hydrated aluminum silicate | 1332-58-7 | Al2H4O9Si2 |
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锌铬黄 | Pentazinc chromate octahydroxide | 49663-84-5 | CrH8O12Zn5 |
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钼橙 | Lead Chromate Molybdate Sulfate Red | 12656-85-8 | CrMoO12Pb3S |
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重铬酸钙 | Chromic acid (H2CrO4), calcium salt (1:1) | 13765-19-0 | CaCrH2O4 |
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酞菁蓝 | copper phthalocyanine | 147-14-8 | C32H16N8*Cu |
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聚(铜酞菁) | Phthalocyanine Copper(II) | 26893-93-6 | C32H16CuN8 |
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联苯胺黄 | pigment yellow 13 | 5102-83-0 | C36H34Cl2N6O4 |
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耐晒黄GR1137永固黄 | Light Yellow JN | 5979-28-2 | C34H28Cl4N6O4 |
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耐晒黄 G | pigment yellow 1 | 2512-29-0 | C17H16N4O4 |
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耐晒红BBS | 15782-05-5 | C18H13ClN2O6S.Sr |
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耐晒油漆湖蓝色淀 | Copper phthalocyanine disulfonic acid, barium salt | 67340-41-4 | C32H14BaCuN8O6S2 |
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立东粉 | Lithopone | 1345-05-7 | BaO5S2Zn2 |
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永固橙GC(DERMANECTORANGEGC) | 1-(3'-Chlorophenylazo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoanilid | 6410-27-1 | C23H16ClN3O2 |
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大分子红BR | N-[3-chloro-4-[[[4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)diazenyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl]-hydroxymethylidene]amino]phenyl]-4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)diazenyl]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboximidic acid | 5280-78-4 | C40H23Cl5N6O4 |
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喹吖啶酮 | Quinacridone | 1047-16-1 | C20H12N2O2 |
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入漆紫 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methylphenyl)- | 6535-47-3 | C25H20N4O4 |
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三硫化二砷 | Arsenic trisulfide | 1303-33-9 | As2S3 |
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PV坚牢红HFT | Benzoic acid, 2-[[3-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl]azo]-, methyl ester | 6985-92-8 | C26H19N5O5 |
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N-(4-氯-2-甲基苯基)-2-[(4-氯-2-硝基苯基)偶氮]-3-氧代丁酰胺 | N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-3-oxoniumylidenebutanimidate | 32432-45-4 | C17H14Cl2N4O4 |
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C.I.颜料黄65 | Permanent Yellow Rn | 6528-34-3 | C18H18N4O6 |
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C.I.颜料黄6 | pigment yellow 6 | 4106-76-7 | C16H13ClN4O4 |
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C.I.颜料黄5 | pigment yellow 5 | 4106-67-6 | C16H14N4O4 |
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C.I.颜料黄3 | lemon yellow 651 | 6486-23-3 | C16H12Cl2N4O4 |
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C.I.颜料黄192 | 7H,11H-Benz[de]imidazo[4',5':5,6]benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-7,11-dione, 10,12-dihydro- | 56279-27-7 | C19H10N4O2 |
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C.I.颜料黄17 | 2-[[2-chloro-4-[3-chloro-4-[[1-(2-methoxyanilino)-1,3-dioxobutan-2-yl]diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide | 4531-49-1 | C34H30Cl2N6O6 |
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C.I.颜料黄14 | pigment yellow 14 | 5468-75-7 | C34H30Cl2N6O4 |
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C.I.颜料黄12 | C.I. pigment yellow 12 | 6358-85-6 | C32H26Cl2N6O4 |
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C.I.颜料蓝1 | victoria blue BO | 1325-87-7 | C33H40N3 |
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C.I.颜料红8 | pigment red 8 | 6410-30-6 | C24H17ClN4O4 |
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C.I.颜料红7 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxamide, N-(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-4-[(4-chloro-2-methylphenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- | 6471-51-8 | C25H19Cl2N3O2 |
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C.I.颜料红58 | 2-Naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 4-[(4-chloro-3-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy- | 25310-97-8 | C17H11ClN2O6S |
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C.I.颜料红40 | 1-(2'-hydroxynaphthylazo)naphthalene | 2653-64-7 | C20H14N2O |
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C.I.颜料红32 | 3-hydroxy-4-[[5-(C-hydroxy-N-phenylcarbonimidoyl)-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboximidic acid | 6410-29-3 | C31H24N4O4 |
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