拟胆碱药
凡能够模拟乙酰胆碱作用的药物统称为拟胆碱药。根据其作用原理不同，这类药物可分为胆碱受体激动药和胆碱酯酶抑制药两大类。
胆碱受体激动药能直接与胆碱受体结合，产生类似乙酰胆碱的效果。而乙酰胆碱作为胆碱能神经递质，能够激活M型和N型胆碱受体。
具体来说，当M受体被激活时，会表现出心脏抑制、血管扩张、内脏平滑肌收缩、括约肌松弛以及腺体分泌增加等症状，这些效应被称为“M样作用”。而当N受体被激活时，则会引起神经节兴奋和骨骼肌收缩，这称为“N样作用”。
由于乙酰胆碱化学性质不稳定，在体内很快被胆碱酯酶水解失效，并且其作用范围广泛、选择性不高，因此在临床上并无实际应用价值。然而，某些与乙酰胆碱结构相似的化合物，虽然较为稳定且具有较高的选择性，却具备一定的临床用途。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Homatropin | 87-00-3 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | [(5S)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide | 80-49-9 | C17H24BrNO3 |
| —— | 6-beta,7-beta-Epoxy-3-alpha-tropanyl S-(-)-tropate | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | Atropine sulfate anhydrous | 5908-99-6 | C34H50N2O11S |
| —— | (1R,9S)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one | 102518-79-6 | C15H18N2O |
| —— | [(2S,4R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | [(3S,5S,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | Etybenzatropine | 524-83-4 | C22H27NO |
| —— | (1S,9R,13E)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one | 102518-79-6 | C15H18N2O |
| —— | Atroscine Hydrobromide | 672-21-9 | C17H21NO4.BrH |
| —— | [(5R)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate;bromide | 80-49-9 | C17H24BrNO3 |
| —— | Atropine sulfate | 5908-99-6 | C34H48N2O10S |
| —— | Hyoscyamine sulfate monohydrate | 5908-99-6 | C34H50N2O11S |
| —— | (1R,9S,13Z)-1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one | 102518-79-6 | C15H18N2O |
| —— | Homatropine Methylbromide; (1R,3r,5S)-3-[[(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl]oxy]-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane bromide | 80-49-9 | C17H24BrNO3 |
| —— | (2-Chlorophenyl)methyl-[2-[[2-[2-[(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-diethylazaniumyl]ethylamino]-2-oxoacetyl]amino]ethyl]-diethylazanium;chloride | 115-79-7 | C28H42Cl3N4O2+ |
| —— | Homatropine methylbromide | 80-49-9 | C17H24BrNO3 |
| —— | (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrobromide | 114-49-8 | C17H22BrNO4 |
| —— | [(1R,2S,4S,5S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | (-)-huperzine A | 102518-79-6 | C15H18N2O |
| —— | lycoramine | 18797-70-1 | C17H23NO3 |
| —— | [(4R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | [(1S,3S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | [(2S,4R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] 2,3-dihydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrobromide | 76822-34-9 | C17H22BrNO5 |
| —— | [(1R)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | (-)-Scopolamine hydrobromide | 114-49-8 | C17H22BrNO4 |
| —— | 6-Hydroxyhyoscyamine | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | [(1S,5S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 55869-99-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | [(2R,4S)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2R)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | cuscohygrine | 454-14-8 | C13H24N2O |
| —— | (12aξ)-6-methoxy-10-methyl-1,12-cyclo-12,12a-seco-galantham-1-en-3β-ol; hydrobromide | 69353-21-5 | BrH*C17H21NO3 |
| —— | 1-amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-aza-tricyclo[7.3.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one | 92138-20-0 | C15H18N2O |
| —— | (-)-huperzine A | 120786-18-7 | C15H18N2O |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 9-methyl-3-oxa-9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7-yl ester | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propionic acid 9-methyl-(1<i>r</i><i>N</i>,2<i>t</i><i>H</i>,4<i>t</i><i>H</i>,5<i>c</i><i>N</i>)-3-oxa-9-aza-tricyclo[3.3.1.0<sup>2,4</sup>]non-7<i>t</i>-yl ester | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | scopolamine | 51-34-3 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | (-)-SCOPOLAMINE | 138-12-5 | C17H21NO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-Pseudohomatropin | 87-00-3 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | Demecarium bromide | 56-94-0 | 2Br*C32H52N4O4 |
| —— | Homatropine | 87-00-3 | C16H21NO3 |
| —— | 6β-Hydroxyhyoscyamine | 17659-49-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | L-tropic acid-((1Ξ)-6<i>exo</i>-hydroxy-tropane-3<i>endo</i>-yl ester) | 17659-49-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | homatropine methyl bromide | 80-49-9 | CH3Br*C16H21NO3 |
| —— | homatropine methylbromide | 80-49-9 | Br*C17H24NO3 |
| —— | homatropine hydrobromide | 51-56-9 | BrH*C16H21NO3 |
| —— | DL-Homatropine hydrobromide | 51-56-9 | BrH*C16H21NO3 |
| —— | Ethybenztropine | 524-83-4 | C22H27NO |
| —— | Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate | 114-49-8 | C17H28BrNO7 |
| —— | HYOSCYAMINE SULFATE | 5908-99-6 | C17H23NO3*H2O*H2O4S |
| —— | Atropine | 51-55-8 | C17H23NO3 |
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