吡喃类化合物是一种含有一个氧原子的六元杂环体系,主要分为α-吡喃和γ-吡喃两种异构体。尽管无取代基的α-吡喃和γ-吡喃尚未被发现,但其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中,尤其是植物中常见的α-及γ-吡喃酮。
这些化合物包括苯并吡喃(色烯)、色酮、香豆素、黄酮、异黄酮以及花青素等。从电子结构上看,吡喃类似苯系化合物,环中的氧原子具有极强的碱性,在成盐后被稳定下来。许多重要的天然产物如色素、糖类、抗生素及生物碱都含有吡喃或其盐形式的环系。例如,五碳糖或六碳糖形式的半缩醛结构被称为吡喃糖。
吡喃酮是通过将吡喃的次甲基部分氧化为羰基而形成的衍生物。α-吡喃酮为5-羟基-2,4-戊二烯酸的内酯,在酸碱催化下可以发生水解反应,也可以在催化氢化条件下转化为5-羟基戊酸内酯;此外,该化合物还能参与双烯合成反应。相比之下,γ-吡喃酮具有显著的芳香性特点,即使是一个不饱和酮,也不与苯肼形成腙,并且其羰基不易被还原。
一些重要药物如红霉素和双氢链霉素含有四氢吡喃环结构,而许多碳水化合物也具有四氢吡喃环。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-(2-氨乙基)四氢吡喃 | 4-(2-aminoethyl)tetrahydropyran | 65412-03-5 | C7H15NO |
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4,6-二氯-2H-苯并吡喃-3-甲醛 | 4,6-dichloro-2H-3-chromene carbaldehyde | 175205-58-0 | C10H6Cl2O2 |
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4,6-O-苄叉-D-葡萄糖 | 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucopyranose | 97232-16-1 | C13H16O6 |
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4,6-O-亚乙基-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖三乙酸酯 | 4,6-O-ethylidene-1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-β-glucopyranose | 27994-30-5 | C14H20O9 |
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4,5‘,8-三甲基]补骨脂素 | trioxsalen | 3902-71-4 | C14H12O3 |
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4 -氨基四氢吡喃- 4 -羧酸 | 4-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 39124-20-4 | C6H11NO3 |
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3-羟基四氢吡喃 | Oxan-3-ol | 19752-84-2 | C5H10O2 |
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3-碘-6-硝基-1-(四氢吡喃-2-基)-1H-吲唑 | 3-iodo-6-nitro-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)indazole | 886230-74-6 | C12H12IN3O3 |
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3-甲酰基-6-异丙基色酮 | 3-formyl-6-isopropylchromone | 49619-58-1 | C13H12O3 |
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3-甲氧基-四氢-2H-吡喃-4-酮 | 3-methoxydihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one | 624734-17-4 | C6H10O3 |
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3-溴色酮 | 3-bromo-4H-chromen-4-one | 49619-82-1 | C9H5BrO2 |
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3-氰基-7-羟基香豆素 | 3-cyano-7-hydroxycoumarin | 19088-73-4 | C10H5NO3 |
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3-氰基-7-乙氧基香豆素 | 3-Cyano-7-ethoxycoumarin | 117620-77-6 | C12H9NO3 |
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3-氰基-6,7-二甲基色酮 | 3-cyano-6,7-dimethylchromone | 94978-86-6 | C12H9NO2 |
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3-氯香豆素 | 3-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one | 92-45-5 | C9H5ClO2 |
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3-氯-四氢-吡喃-4-酮 | 3-chlorodihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one | 160427-98-5 | C5H7ClO2 |
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3-氯-7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素 | 3-chloro-4-methylumbelliferone | 6174-86-3 | C10H7ClO3 |
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3-氨基四氢吡喃 | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine | 120811-32-7 | C5H11NO |
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3-氨基四氢-2H-吡喃-3-羧酸 | 4-aminotetrahydro-2-pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 1131623-12-5 | C6H11NO3 |
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3-氟四氢吡喃-4-酮 | 3-fluorotetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one | 624734-19-6 | C5H7FO2 |
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3-乙酰氨基香豆素 | 3-acetamidocoumarin | 779-30-6 | C11H9NO3 |
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3-乙酰基-7-羟基-苯并吡喃-2-酮 | 3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one | 10441-27-7 | C11H8O4 |
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3-乙酰基-6-溴香豆素 | 3-Acetyl-6-bromo-chromen-2-one | 2199-93-1 | C11H7BrO3 |
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3-乙基-四氢吡喃-4-酮 | 3-ethyldihydro-2H-pyran-4(3H)-one | 21398-42-5 | C7H12O2 |
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3-丁基-5-甲基四氢化-2H-吡喃-4-醇乙酸酯 | 5-Methyl-3-butyltetrahydropyran-4-yl acetate | 38285-49-3 | C12H22O3 |
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3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖-D-阿戊糖 | 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-arabinose | 6057-48-3 | C11H20O10 |
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3-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基氧基)丙烷-1-醇 | 3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propan-1-ol | 2162-33-6 | C8H16O3 |
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3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-4-甲酸甲酯 | methyl 3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate | 105772-14-3 | C7H10O3 |
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3,5-二溴-2H-吡喃-2-酮 | 3,5-dibromo-2H-pyran-2-one | 19978-41-7 | C5H2Br2O2 |
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3,4-二氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮 | 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 3740-59-8 | C6H8O2 |
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3,4-二氢-4-羟基-3-(苯基甲基)- 2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-酮 | (+/-)-(3R,4RS)-3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrochromen-2-one | 475570-89-9 | C16H14O3 |
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3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃-4-胺 | chroman-4-amine | 53981-38-7 | C9H11NO |
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3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-甲醛 | acrolein dimer | 100-73-2 | C6H8O2 |
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3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃 | 3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran | 110-87-2 | C5H8O |
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3,4-二氢-2-甲基-吡喃 | 2-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran | 4454-05-1 | C6H10O2 |
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3,4-二氢-2,2-二甲基-4-氧代-2H-吡喃-6-羧酸 | 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-2H-pyran-6-carboxylic acid | 80866-93-9 | C8H10O4 |
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3,4-二氢-1H-苯并吡喃 | chromane | 493-08-3 | C9H10O |
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3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-α-D-叠氮化吡喃葡萄糖 | 2-N-phthalimido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl azide | 102816-25-1 | C20H20N4O9 |
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3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-2-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖基2,2,2-三氯乙亚氨酸酯 | 3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 2,2,2-Trichloroacetimidate | 87190-67-8 | C22H21Cl3N2O10 |
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3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-脱氧-2-(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢-2H-异吲哚-2-基)-D-吡喃葡萄糖 | 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-D-glucopyranose | 72858-55-0 | C20H21NO10 |
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3)-2-(乙酰氨基)-2-脱氧-BETA-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-[2-O-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranosyl]-b-D-glucopyranoside | 93496-53-8 | C26H38N2O17 |
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2,3-(异丙叉二氧)苯基甲基氨基甲酸酯 | 3-(5'-chloro-2'-benzoxazole)-7-diethylamino-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 35773-43-4 | C20H17ClN2O3 |
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2H-吡喃-4-醇 四氢-22-二甲基- | 2,2-dimethyloxan-4-ol | 24945-13-9 | C7H14O2 |
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2H-吡喃-2-酮 | pyran-2-one | 504-31-4 | C5H4O2 |
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2H-1-苯并吡喃-2,4(3H)-二酮 | 3H-chromene-2,4-dione | 4438-85-1 | C9H6O3 |
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2-辛氧基四氢-2H-吡喃 | 2-octyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran | 70690-19-6 | C13H26O2 |
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2-苯基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-硫酮 | 4-thioflavone | 5465-04-3 | C15H10OS |
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2-苄氧基四氢化吡喃 | tetrahydro-2-(benzyloxy)-2H-pyran | 1927-62-4 | C12H16O2 |
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2-脱氧-2-[[(苯基甲氧基)羰基]氨基]-3-O-(苯基甲基)-alpha-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 6-乙酸甲酯 | methyl 6-O-acetyl-3-O-benzyl-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside | 114869-95-3 | C24H29NO8 |
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2-羟甲基苯并二氢吡喃 | 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-methanol | 83278-86-8 | C10H12O2 |
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