吡喃类化合物
吡喃类化合物是一种含有一个氧原子的六元杂环体系，主要分为α-吡喃和γ-吡喃两种异构体。尽管无取代基的α-吡喃和γ-吡喃尚未被发现，但其衍生物广泛存在于自然界中，尤其是植物中常见的α-及γ-吡喃酮。
这些化合物包括苯并吡喃（色烯）、色酮、香豆素、黄酮、异黄酮以及花青素等。从电子结构上看，吡喃类似苯系化合物，环中的氧原子具有极强的碱性，在成盐后被稳定下来。许多重要的天然产物如色素、糖类、抗生素及生物碱都含有吡喃或其盐形式的环系。例如，五碳糖或六碳糖形式的半缩醛结构被称为吡喃糖。
吡喃酮是通过将吡喃的次甲基部分氧化为羰基而形成的衍生物。α-吡喃酮为5-羟基-2,4-戊二烯酸的内酯，在酸碱催化下可以发生水解反应，也可以在催化氢化条件下转化为5-羟基戊酸内酯；此外，该化合物还能参与双烯合成反应。相比之下，γ-吡喃酮具有显著的芳香性特点，即使是一个不饱和酮，也不与苯肼形成腙，并且其羰基不易被还原。
一些重要药物如红霉素和双氢链霉素含有四氢吡喃环结构，而许多碳水化合物也具有四氢吡喃环。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-甲氧苯基-2-氨基-3,6-二-O-苄基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-Methoxyphenyl 2-Amino-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 1272755-07-3 | C27H31NO6 |
|
| 4-甲氧苯基-2-叠氮-3,6-二-O-苯基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-Methoxyphenyl 2-Azido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 1272755-25-5 | C27H29N3O6 |
|
| 4-甲氧基苯基-2,3,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-半乳糖吡喃糖苷 | 4-Methoxyphenyl 2,3,6-Tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 869107-36-8 | C34H36O7 |
|
| 4-甲氧基-6-甲基-2H-吡喃酮 | 4-methoxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 672-89-9 | C7H8O3 |
|
| 4-甲基苯基四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 3520-64-7 | C21H26O10 |
|
| 4-甲基苯基4,6-O-苄叉-2,3-二-O-苯甲酰基-1-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | p-methylphenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-di-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside | 323195-40-0 | C34H30O7S |
|
| 4-甲基四氢吡喃-4-甲酸 | 4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 233276-38-5 | C7H12O3 |
|
| 4-甲基四氢-2H-吡喃-4-醇 | 4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol | 7525-64-6 | C6H12O2 |
|
| 4-甲基伞形酮磷酸酯 | 4-methylumbeiliferyl phosphate | 3368-04-5 | C10H9O6P |
|
| 4-甲基伞形酮基庚酸酯 | 4-methylumbelliferyl heptanoate | 18319-92-1 | C17H20O4 |
|
| 4-甲基-7-(磷酰氧基)-2H-1-苯并呋喃-2-酮二钠盐 | 4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate disodium | 22919-26-2 | C10H9Na2O6P |
|
| 4-甲基-6-叔丁基香豆素 | 4-methyl-6-tert-butylcoumarin | 17874-32-7 | C14H16O2 |
|
| 4-溴甲基四氢吡喃 | 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran | 125552-89-8 | C6H11BrO |
|
| 4-溴甲基-7-甲氧基香豆素 | 4-(bromomethyl)-7-methoxycoumarin | 35231-44-8 | C11H9BrO3 |
|
| 4-溴甲基-6,7-二甲氧基香豆素 | 4-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin | 88404-25-5 | C12H11BrO4 |
|
| 4-溴四氢吡喃 | 4-bromotetrahydro-2H-pyran | 25637-16-5 | C5H9BrO |
|
| 4-溴-3,6-二氢-2H-吡喃 | 4-bromo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran | 24265-23-4 | C5H7BrO |
|
| 4-溴-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole | 82099-98-7 | C8H11BrN2O |
|
| 4-氰基甲基四氢吡喃 | 2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)acetonitrile | 850429-50-4 | C7H11NO |
|
| 4-氰基四氢吡喃 | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile | 4295-99-2 | C6H9NO |
|
| 4-氯甲基-7-羟基苯并吡喃-2-酮 | 4-chloromethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin | 25392-41-0 | C10H7ClO3 |
|
| 4-氯甲基-6-甲基-苯并吡喃-2-酮 | 4-(chloromethyl)-6-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one | 41295-65-2 | C11H9ClO2 |
|
| 4-氯四氢-2H-吡喃 | 4-chlorotetrahydro-2H-pyran | 1768-64-5 | C5H9ClO |
|
| 4-氯-6-氟-2H-苯并吡喃-3-甲醛 | 4-chloro-6-fluoro-2H-benzo[1,2-b]pyran-3-carboxaldehyde | 105799-69-7 | C10H6ClFO2 |
|
| 4-氯-3-硝基香豆素 | 4-chloro-3-nitro-chromen-2-one | 38464-20-9 | C9H4ClNO4 |
|
| 4-氯-3-甲酰基香豆素 | 4-chloro-3-formylcoumarin | 50329-91-4 | C10H5ClO3 |
|
| 4-氯-2-甲基-四氢-吡喃 | 4-chloro-2-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran | 116131-46-5 | C6H11ClO |
|
| 4-氨甲基四氢吡喃 | 4-tetrahydropyranmethylamine | 130290-79-8 | C6H13NO |
|
| 4-氨基四氢吡喃醋酸盐 | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-amine acetate | 1005498-91-8 | C2H4O2*C5H11NO |
|
| 4-氨基四氢吡喃盐酸盐 | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylamine monohydrochloride | 33024-60-1 | C5H11NO*ClH |
|
| 4-氨基四氢吡喃 | 4-aminotetrahydropyran | 38041-19-9 | C5H11NO |
|
| 4-氨基四氢-2H-吡喃-4-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 4-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxylate | 184698-41-7 | C7H13NO3 |
|
| 4-氨基四氢-2H-吡喃-4-甲醇 | (4-aminotetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methanol | 720706-20-7 | C6H13NO2 |
|
| 4-氨基-4-四羧水基噻喃 | 4-amino-tetrahydrothiopyran-4-carboxylate hydrochloride | 67639-41-2 | C6H11NO2S*ClH |
|
| 4-氨基-2,2-二甲基四氢吡喃 | 2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-amine | 25850-22-0 | C7H15NO |
|
| 4-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-3-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 141419-94-5 | C8H12O4 |
|
| 4-氧代四氢-2H-吡喃-2-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate | 287193-07-1 | C8H12O4 |
|
| 4-氧代-4H-1-苯并吡喃-2-甲酰氯 | 4-oxo-4<i>H</i>-chromene-2-carbonyl chloride | 5112-47-0 | C10H5ClO3 |
|
| 4-氢吡喃-4-甲酰氯 | tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonylchloride | 40191-32-0 | C6H9ClO2 |
|
| 4-正丁氨基-苯并吡喃-2-酮 | 4-butylaminocoumarin | 21315-46-8 | C13H15NO2 |
|
| 4-亚甲基四氢-2H-吡喃 | 4-methylene-tetrahydro-pyran | 36838-71-8 | C6H10O |
|
| 4-乙酰氧基-2H,3h-吡喃-2,6-二酮 | 2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl acetate | 15997-62-3 | C7H6O5 |
|
| 4-[4-溴-3-(四氢-吡喃-2-基氧基甲基)-苯氧基]-苄腈 | 4-[4-bromo-3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxymethyl)phenoxy]benzonitrile | 943311-78-2 | C19H18BrNO3 |
|
| 4-(溴甲基)-7-羟基苯并吡喃-2-酮 | 7-hydroxy-4-bromomethylcoumarin | 161798-25-0 | C10H7BrO3 |
|
| 4-(叠氮基甲基)四氢吡喃 | 4-(azidomethyl)tetrahydropyrane | 1035490-93-7 | C6H11N3O |
|
| 4-(三氟甲基)四氢吡喃-4-醇 | 4-(trifluoromethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol | 1251358-35-6 | C6H9F3O2 |
|
| 4-(Cbz-氨基)四氢吡喃-4-羧酸 | 4-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}oxane-4-carboxylic acid | 138402-13-8 | C14H17NO5 |
|
| 4-(Boc-氨基)四氢吡喃-4-羧酸 | 4-(Boc-amino)tetrahydropyran-4-carboxylic acid | 172843-97-9 | C11H19NO5 |
|
| 4-(4-苯氧基丁氧基)-7H-呋喃并[3,2-G][1]苯并吡喃-7-酮 | PAP-1 | 870653-45-5 | C21H18O5 |
|
| 4-(4-溴苯基)四氢吡喃-4-醇 | 4-(4-bromophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol | 165119-46-0 | C11H13BrO2 |
|
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