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羧酸酯及其衍生物

羧酸酯及其衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸酯是一类重要的有机化合物,由羧酸通过脱水反应(通常包括醇的参与)生成的产物。其基本结构可表示为R-COO-R’,其中R和R’可以是不同的烷基或芳香基团。当R和R’相同时,则称为酯。

性质
  • 物理性质:羧酸酯通常为液体,有特殊的气味,某些特定的酯(如乙酸乙酯)还具有水果香味。
  • 化学性质
    • 水解反应:在酸或碱的存在下,羧酸酯可以发生水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。这是制备羧酸的一种方法。
    • 酯交换反应:不同酯之间可以在酸性条件下进行酯交换,产生新的酯和原来参与反应的醇。
    • 氧化还原反应:某些情况下,羧酸酯可以被氧化为酮或醛。
应用
  • 医药领域:许多药物中含有的活性成分以酯的形式存在。例如,非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)如布洛芬通常以酯形式存在于市场上。
  • 香料和食品工业:利用特定的香味酯,可以开发出各种调味剂、香精等产品。
  • 塑料工业:某些聚酯被广泛应用于制造各种类型的塑料制品。
生产方法

羧酸酯主要通过酯化反应合成,该过程通常包括醇与羧酸在适当的催化剂(如硫酸)的存在下发生。近年来,为了减少副产物和提高效率,还开发了许多新的绿色合成技术,例如使用生物催化法或超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂。

安全性和环境影响

由于酯类化合物大多数具有可燃性且某些酯可能对人体有害,在生产和使用过程中需要严格遵守安全操作规程。此外,许多工业化生产方式产生的废水和废气对环境也可能造成污染,因此开发更加环保的合成路线和技术显得尤为重要。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— tert-butyl ((4-bromophenyl)-sulfonyl)carbamate 279246-01-4 C11H14BrNO4S
tert-butyl ((4-bromophenyl)-sulfonyl)carbamate
—— tert-butyl 5-aminopentanoate 63984-03-2 C9H19NO2
tert-butyl 5-aminopentanoate
—— tert-butyl (2-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamate 384793-21-9 C12H13BrF3NO2
tert-butyl (2-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamate
—— tert-butyl hypochloride 507-40-4 C4H9ClO
tert-butyl hypochloride
—— ethyl acetoacetonate 141-97-9 C6H10O3
ethyl acetoacetonate
—— cyano(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl ethyl carbonate 86855-28-9 C11H9Cl2NO3
cyano(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl ethyl carbonate
—— methyl (R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-methoxypropionate 862372-14-3 C10H19NO5
methyl (R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-methoxypropionate
—— ethyl 2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoacetate 39183-54-5 C10H17NO3
ethyl 2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoacetate
—— 1-tert-butyl 3-(pyridine-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate 206446-39-1 C13H18N2O2
1-tert-butyl 3-(pyridine-2-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate
—— 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy ethyl butyrate 388109-23-7 C10H18O5
4-(ethoxycarbonyl)methoxy ethyl butyrate
—— 3-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride 124082-17-3 C11H15NO3*ClH
3-amino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
—— cis-4-Oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester 156293-34-4 C11H16O5
cis-4-Oxo-1,2-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester
—— tert-butyl ((1S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl)carbamate 664341-72-4 C11H21NO3
tert-butyl ((1S,3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl)carbamate
—— 2-((2,3,3a,4,7,7a(Or 3a,4,5,6,7,7a)-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate 68586-19-6 C16H22O3
2-((2,3,3a,4,7,7a(Or 3a,4,5,6,7,7a)-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1H-indenyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate
—— Tert-butyl 3-hydroxybut-2-enoate;copper 23670-45-3 C16H28CuO6
Tert-butyl 3-hydroxybut-2-enoate;copper
—— tert-butyl 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate 59713-55-2 C12H17NO2S
tert-butyl 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate
—— (3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 512785-77-2 C14H17NO2
(3-phenyl-prop-2-ynyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
—— Boc-D-alanine p-nitrophenyl ester 85546-27-6 C14H18N2O6
Boc-D-alanine p-nitrophenyl ester
—— methyl 2-(prop-2-enyl)pent-4-enoate 54385-33-0 C9H14O2
methyl 2-(prop-2-enyl)pent-4-enoate
—— methyl (R)-2-acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate 88546-12-7 C12H14N2O5
methyl (R)-2-acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate
—— α-keto methyl hexanoate 6395-83-1 C7H12O3
α-keto methyl hexanoate
—— ethyl 3-oxohept-6-ynoate 35116-07-5 C9H12O3
ethyl 3-oxohept-6-ynoate
—— diethyl 2-hydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate 897-41-6 C16H16O5
diethyl 2-hydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate
—— methyl 2-[hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl)methyl]propenoate 87102-11-2 C10H11NO3
methyl 2-[hydroxy(pyridin-3-yl)methyl]propenoate
—— 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate 83834-59-7 C18H26O3
2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate
—— (1R,5S)-ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate 184838-77-5 C8H10O4
(1R,5S)-ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylate
—— methyl 2-methyl-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate 51985-95-6 C6H8N2O3
methyl 2-methyl-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylate
—— ethyl 4'-bromobiphenyl-4-carboxylate 84337-85-9 C15H13BrO2
ethyl 4'-bromobiphenyl-4-carboxylate
—— ethyl 4-chloro-2,2-dimethylbutanoate 53840-29-2 C8H15ClO2
ethyl 4-chloro-2,2-dimethylbutanoate
—— tert-butyl 6-bromopicolinate 910044-07-4 C10H12BrNO2
tert-butyl 6-bromopicolinate
—— tert-butyl (2-chloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)carbamate 1394899-03-6 C10H12ClFN2O2
tert-butyl (2-chloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)carbamate
—— crotyl acetate 628-08-0 C6H10O2
crotyl acetate
—— (R)-serine ethyl ester 145937-64-0 C5H11NO3
(R)-serine ethyl ester
—— tetraethyl pentane-1,3,3,5-tetracarboxylate 6297-36-5 C17H28O8
tetraethyl pentane-1,3,3,5-tetracarboxylate
—— tert-butyl (S)-2-(4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 1005342-77-7 C15H23N3O4S
tert-butyl (S)-2-(4-(methoxy(methyl)carbamoyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
—— methyl 2-(4-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)acetate 192650-54-7 C9H10FNO2
methyl 2-(4-amino-2-fluoro-phenyl)acetate
—— methyl 6-bromo-2,2-dimethylhexanoate 92518-61-1 C9H17BrO2
methyl 6-bromo-2,2-dimethylhexanoate
—— Methyl cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate 3618-03-9 C8H14O3
Methyl cis-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate
—— tert-butyl (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)acrylate 350490-15-2 C13H15BrO2
tert-butyl (E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)acrylate
—— tert-butyl N-[(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentyl]carbamate 454709-98-9 C10H20N2O2
tert-butyl N-[(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentyl]carbamate
—— lactic acid menthyl ester 59259-38-0 C13H24O3
lactic acid menthyl ester
—— t-butyl (3S,4S)-3-amino-4-methoxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 429673-79-0 C10H20N2O3
t-butyl (3S,4S)-3-amino-4-methoxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate
—— phenyl N-methoxycarbamate 85989-62-4 C8H9NO3
phenyl N-methoxycarbamate
—— 4-[bromo-(4-carboxyphenyl)methylene]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 209808-17-3 C18H22BrNO4
4-[bromo-(4-carboxyphenyl)methylene]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
—— 4-fluorobenzoate anion 2365-27-7 C7H4FO2
4-fluorobenzoate anion
—— tert-butyl 4-amino-2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylaminobutyrate 190447-69-9 C13H26N2O4
tert-butyl 4-amino-2(S)-tert-butoxycarbonylaminobutyrate
—— carboxymethyl methacrylate 6852-90-0 C6H8O4
carboxymethyl methacrylate
—— 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-nicotinic acid methyl ester cation 63-75-2 C8H13NO2*H
1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-nicotinic acid methyl ester cation
—— (2S)-2-ethylbutyl 2-(((4-nitrophenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)amino)propanoate 1439900-56-7 C21H27N2O7P
(2S)-2-ethylbutyl 2-(((4-nitrophenoxy)(phenoxy)phosphoryl)amino)propanoate
—— 17β-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one 17-acetate 10161-34-9 C20H24O3
17β-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one 17-acetate