羧酸酯及其衍生物
羧酸酯及其衍生物
定义与结构
羧酸酯是一类重要的有机化合物，由羧酸通过脱水反应（通常包括醇的参与）生成的产物。其基本结构可表示为R-COO-R’，其中R和R’可以是不同的烷基或芳香基团。当R和R’相同时，则称为酯。
性质- 物理性质：羧酸酯通常为液体，有特殊的气味，某些特定的酯（如乙酸乙酯）还具有水果香味。
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化学性质：
- 水解反应：在酸或碱的存在下，羧酸酯可以发生水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。这是制备羧酸的一种方法。
- 酯交换反应：不同酯之间可以在酸性条件下进行酯交换，产生新的酯和原来参与反应的醇。
- 氧化还原反应：某些情况下，羧酸酯可以被氧化为酮或醛。
- 医药领域：许多药物中含有的活性成分以酯的形式存在。例如，非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）如布洛芬通常以酯形式存在于市场上。
- 香料和食品工业：利用特定的香味酯，可以开发出各种调味剂、香精等产品。
- 塑料工业：某些聚酯被广泛应用于制造各种类型的塑料制品。
羧酸酯主要通过酯化反应合成，该过程通常包括醇与羧酸在适当的催化剂（如硫酸）的存在下发生。近年来，为了减少副产物和提高效率，还开发了许多新的绿色合成技术，例如使用生物催化法或超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂。
安全性和环境影响由于酯类化合物大多数具有可燃性且某些酯可能对人体有害，在生产和使用过程中需要严格遵守安全操作规程。此外，许多工业化生产方式产生的废水和废气对环境也可能造成污染，因此开发更加环保的合成路线和技术显得尤为重要。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | ethyl fumarate | 2459-05-4 | C6H7O4 |
|
| —— | 3-chloro-6-methoxy-phthalic acid | 98588-75-1 | C9H7ClO5 |
|
| —— | cis-13-eicosenoic acid methyl ester | 1120-34-9 | C21H40O2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl (2R)-2,6-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoate | 97347-28-9 | C20H38N2O6 |
|
| —— | Cholesterylhexanoat | 1062-96-0 | C33H56O2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxylate | 1022931-73-2 | C12H16F3N3O2 |
|
| —— | 1.2-Bis-<4-carboxy-benzoyloxy>-aethan | 2225-05-0 | C18H14O8 |
|
| —— | 2-Butenoic acid, 3-amino-, 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl) ester | 14205-47-1 | C12H20N2O4 |
|
| —— | (2S)-6-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-aminohexanoic acid 1,3-thiazol-2-ylamide | 212610-09-8 | C17H22N4O3S |
|
| —— | Cholesteryl-octanoat | 1182-42-9 | C35H60O2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl N-(3-oxidanyl-2-oxidanylidenepropyl)carbamate | 1251455-27-2 | C8H15NO4 |
|
| —— | methyl 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoate | 66751-99-3 | C12H12O4 |
|
| —— | ethyl 6-bromoheptanoate | 116496-52-7 | C10H19BrO2 |
|
| —— | methyl ester of/the/ L(-)-2-bromo-caproic acid | 5445-19-2 | C7H13BrO2 |
|
| —— | Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OMe | 245088-56-6 | C38H33NO4S |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate hydrochloride | 1403676-97-0 | C11H20N2O2*ClH |
|
| —— | ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate | 188723-33-3 | C14H25NO4 |
|
| —— | Cholesterylpropionat | 633-31-8 | C30H50O2 |
|
| —— | methyl 3-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate hydrochloride | 1216872-65-9 | C10H12FNO2*ClH |
|
| —— | (E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester | 97055-89-5 | C8H9NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid | 1162069-31-9 | C45H77N7O14 |
|
| —— | 2-Butenoic acid,3-amino-,1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)ester | 14205-47-1 | C12H20N2O4 |
|
| —— | (2R,5S,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate | 303-43-5 | C45H78O2 |
|
| —— | 2-Octadecoxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate | 52352-43-9 | C24H46O3 |
|
| —— | Dimethyl (2E,2'E)-2,2'-[pyrimidine-4,6-diylbis(oxy-2,1-phenylene)]bis(3-methoxyprop-2-enoate) | 131860-85-0 | C26H24N2O8 |
|
| —— | tert-Butyl (2-bromo-4,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamate | 1187926-96-0 | C13H18BrNO2 |
|
| —— | (-)-Menthyllactate | 59259-38-0 | C13H24O3 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl N-(3-iodo-5-nitrophenyl)carbamate | 1353878-19-9 | C11H13IN2O4 |
|
| —— | tert-Butyl (3-fluorocyclopentyl)carbamate | 1215071-14-9 | C10H18FNO2 |
|
| —— | tert-Butyl 2-methyl-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-6(5H)-carboxylate | 210538-72-0 | C13H19N3O2 |
|
| —— | Methyl 3-amino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate hydrochloride | 93506-52-6 | C10H13ClN2O4 |
|
| —— | methyl (2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate | 62812-42-4 | C19H22O9S |
|
| —— | (S)-tert-Butyl 3-propylpiperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 1217448-65-1 | C12H25ClN2O2 |
|
| —— | Poly(methyl methacrylate) isotactic | 25188-98-1 | C12H18N3O8PS |
|
| —— | tert-Butyl 5-methoxyspiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-carboxylate | 1128137-43-8 | C18H26N2O3 |
|
| —— | (1S,2S,4R)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid | 918411-46-8 | C12H19NO4 |
|
| —— | 4-(N6-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine | 934816-43-0 | C11H14N4O2 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate | 1333319-72-4 | C18H24BFN2O4 |
|
| —— | Hexadecanedioic acid, mono(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester | 843666-27-3 | C20H37O4- |
|
| —— | Tert-butyl 3-bromo-6-methoxypyridin-2-ylcarbamate | 1196157-15-9 | C11H15BrN2O3 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 4-(4-formyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate | 915370-15-9 | C13H20N4O3 |
|
| —— | Methyl 3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate | 62812-42-4 | C19H22O9S |
|
| —— | 3-amino-3-furan-2-yl-propionic acid methyl ester | 618109-87-8 | C8H11NO3 |
|
| —— | 5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 1375637-52-7 | C15H20N4O3 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate | 1111638-13-1 | C12H15BrN2O2 |
|
| —— | methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromobenzoate | 1241675-38-6 | C10H10BrNO3 |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxylate | 501127-89-5 | C9H14N2O4 |
|
| —— | (R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester | 181209-66-5 | C11H15NO2 |
|
| —— | H-Phe(4-Br)-OMe hydrochloride | 444726-88-9 | C10H12BrNO2*ClH |
|
| —— | tert-butyl 3-ethynylbenzoate | 914943-91-2 | C13H14O2 |
|
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