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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 有机原料 羧酸类化合物及衍生物 羧酸酯及其衍生物

    羧酸酯及其衍生物

    羧酸酯及其衍生物 定义与结构

    羧酸酯是一类重要的有机化合物，由羧酸通过脱水反应（通常包括醇的参与）生成的产物。其基本结构可表示为R-COO-R’，其中R和R’可以是不同的烷基或芳香基团。当R和R’相同时，则称为酯。

    性质
    • 物理性质：羧酸酯通常为液体，有特殊的气味，某些特定的酯（如乙酸乙酯）还具有水果香味。
    • 化学性质：
      • 水解反应：在酸或碱的存在下，羧酸酯可以发生水解生成相应的醇和羧酸。这是制备羧酸的一种方法。
      • 酯交换反应：不同酯之间可以在酸性条件下进行酯交换，产生新的酯和原来参与反应的醇。
      • 氧化还原反应：某些情况下，羧酸酯可以被氧化为酮或醛。
    应用
    • 医药领域：许多药物中含有的活性成分以酯的形式存在。例如，非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）如布洛芬通常以酯形式存在于市场上。
    • 香料和食品工业：利用特定的香味酯，可以开发出各种调味剂、香精等产品。
    • 塑料工业：某些聚酯被广泛应用于制造各种类型的塑料制品。
    生产方法

    羧酸酯主要通过酯化反应合成，该过程通常包括醇与羧酸在适当的催化剂（如硫酸）的存在下发生。近年来，为了减少副产物和提高效率，还开发了许多新的绿色合成技术，例如使用生物催化法或超临界二氧化碳作为溶剂。

    安全性和环境影响

    由于酯类化合物大多数具有可燃性且某些酯可能对人体有害，在生产和使用过程中需要严格遵守安全操作规程。此外，许多工业化生产方式产生的废水和废气对环境也可能造成污染，因此开发更加环保的合成路线和技术显得尤为重要。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate 188723-33-3 C14H25NO4
    ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate
    —— Cholesterylpropionat 633-31-8 C30H50O2
    Cholesterylpropionat
    —— methyl 3-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate hydrochloride 1216872-65-9 C10H12FNO2*ClH
    methyl 3-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate hydrochloride
    —— (E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester 97055-89-5 C8H9NO2
    (E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester
    —— 3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid 1162069-31-9 C45H77N7O14
    3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid
    —— 2-Butenoic acid,3-amino-,1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)ester 14205-47-1 C12H20N2O4
    2-Butenoic acid,3-amino-,1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)ester
    —— (2R,5S,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate 303-43-5 C45H78O2
    (2R,5S,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-7-en-5-yl (9Z)-octadec-9-enoate
    —— tert-Butyl (2-bromo-4,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamate 1187926-96-0 C13H18BrNO2
    tert-Butyl (2-bromo-4,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamate
    —— (-)-Menthyllactate 59259-38-0 C13H24O3
    (-)-Menthyllactate
    —— tert-Butyl 2-methyl-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-6(5H)-carboxylate 210538-72-0 C13H19N3O2
    tert-Butyl 2-methyl-7,8-dihydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-6(5H)-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate 62812-42-4 C19H22O9S
    methyl (2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate
    —— (S)-tert-Butyl 3-propylpiperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride 1217448-65-1 C12H25ClN2O2
    (S)-tert-Butyl 3-propylpiperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride
    —— Poly(methyl methacrylate) isotactic 25188-98-1 C12H18N3O8PS
    Poly(methyl methacrylate) isotactic
    —— (1S,2S,4R)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid 918411-46-8 C12H19NO4
    (1S,2S,4R)-7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 4-(N6-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine 934816-43-0 C11H14N4O2
    4-(N6-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine
    —— tert-butyl 6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate 1333319-72-4 C18H24BFN2O4
    tert-butyl 6-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-1-carboxylate
    —— Hexadecanedioic acid, mono(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester 843666-27-3 C20H37O4-
    Hexadecanedioic acid, mono(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester
    —— tert-butyl 4-(4-formyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate 915370-15-9 C13H20N4O3
    tert-butyl 4-(4-formyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— Methyl 3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate 62812-42-4 C19H22O9S
    Methyl 3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-phenylsulfanyloxane-2-carboxylate
    —— 5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1375637-52-7 C15H20N4O3
    5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate 1111638-13-1 C12H15BrN2O2
    tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate
    —— methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromobenzoate 1241675-38-6 C10H10BrNO3
    methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromobenzoate
    —— tert-butyl 3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxylate 501127-89-5 C9H14N2O4
    tert-butyl 3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxylate
    —— (R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester 181209-66-5 C11H15NO2
    (R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester
    —— H-Phe(4-Br)-OMe hydrochloride 444726-88-9 C10H12BrNO2*ClH
    H-Phe(4-Br)-OMe hydrochloride
    —— tert-butyl 3-ethynylbenzoate 914943-91-2 C13H14O2
    tert-butyl 3-ethynylbenzoate
    —— ethyl 3-amino-4-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate 1277132-56-5 C9H9ClN2O4
    ethyl 3-amino-4-chloro-2-nitrobenzoate
    —— benzyl 4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazono)piperidine-1-carboxylate 863560-00-3 C18H25N3O4
    benzyl 4-(2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazono)piperidine-1-carboxylate
    —— 1-Boc-5-hydroxymethylindoline 350683-41-9 C14H19NO3
    1-Boc-5-hydroxymethylindoline
    —— tert-butyl ((1R,2R)-1-{[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-ethylcyclopropyl)carbamate 923591-34-8 C14H24N2O5S
    tert-butyl ((1R,2R)-1-{[(cyclopropylsulfonyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-ethylcyclopropyl)carbamate
    —— diethyl (4-chlorobutyl)malonate 18719-44-3 C11H19ClO4
    diethyl (4-chlorobutyl)malonate
    —— dimethyl 4,4'-(2-hydroxyacetyl)dibenzoate 40742-02-7 C18H16O6
    dimethyl 4,4'-(2-hydroxyacetyl)dibenzoate
    —— 3-boc-amino-5-methoxyaniline 1267028-34-1 C12H18N2O3
    3-boc-amino-5-methoxyaniline
    —— methyl 5-bromo-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate 1591827-38-1 C6H5BrN2O3
    methyl 5-bromo-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate
    —— tert-butyl 1-amino-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-dodecaoxanonatriacontan-39-oate 1383814-00-3 C31H63NO14
    tert-butyl 1-amino-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-dodecaoxanonatriacontan-39-oate
    —— 2-oxo-1-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 204132-37-6 C11H17NO3
    2-oxo-1-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 1-tert-butyl 3,5-dimethyl piperidine-1,3,5-tricarboxylate 595555-70-7 C14H23NO6
    1-tert-butyl 3,5-dimethyl piperidine-1,3,5-tricarboxylate
    —— vanillyl alcohol dimethacrylate 36195-35-4 C16H18O5
    vanillyl alcohol dimethacrylate
    —— tert-butyl 7-amino-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate 935534-31-9 C15H22N2O3
    tert-butyl 7-amino-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate
    —— Methyl 3-cyclopropylpropanoate 62021-34-5 C7H12O2
    Methyl 3-cyclopropylpropanoate
    —— tert-butyl 2-cyclopropyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6(7H)carboxylate 1289267-20-4 C14H19N3O2
    tert-butyl 2-cyclopropyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6(7H)carboxylate
    —— methyl (S)-3-(3-bromophenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate 546115-43-9 C15H20BrNO4
    methyl (S)-3-(3-bromophenyl)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate
    —— 10-hydroxyoleoside 11-methyl ester 131836-11-8 C17H24O12
    10-hydroxyoleoside 11-methyl ester
    —— Z-L-Ile-ONp 2130-99-6 C20H22N2O6
    Z-L-Ile-ONp
    —— L-ZIleONp 2130-99-6 C20H22N2O6
    L-ZIleONp
    —— sodium dibutyl sulfosuccinate 5144-51-4 C12H21O7S*Na
    sodium dibutyl sulfosuccinate
    —— 2-(vinyloxy)ethyl 1-adamantanecarboxylate 219774-72-8 C15H22O3
    2-(vinyloxy)ethyl 1-adamantanecarboxylate
    —— methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-heptylbenzoate 6121-77-3 C15H22O4
    methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-heptylbenzoate
    —— methyl (2-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-N-methoxycarbamate 151827-83-7 C10H12BrNO3
    methyl (2-(bromomethyl)phenyl)-N-methoxycarbamate
    —— ethyl 2,2-difluoro-3(R)-hydroxy-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)propionate 95058-92-7 C10H16F2O5
    ethyl 2,2-difluoro-3(R)-hydroxy-3-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)propionate