[EN] 5-SUBSTITUTED-PYRAZINE OR PYRIDINE GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS<br/>[FR] ACTIVATEURS DE LA GLUCOKINASE A BASE DE PYRAZINE OU DE PYRIDINE SUBSTITUEES EN POSITION 5
申请人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
公开号:WO2004052869A1
公开(公告)日:2004-06-24
The present invention provides a compound according to formula (I) where the substituent designations are provided in the specification. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound according to formula (I) are also provided, said compounds being glucokinase activators which are useful in the treatment of type II diabetes.
Treatment of triphenylbismuth difluoride with alkenyltrimethylsilanes 1 or trimethylsilyl cyanide–alkenyltrialkylstannanes 3 in the presence of boron trifluoride–diethyl ether gave the corresponding alkenyltriphenylbismuthonium tetrafluoroborates 2 in moderate to good yields. An X-ray crystallographic analysis of the salt 2e confirmed the distorted tetrahedral geometry of the central bismuth atom. When treated with a sulfinate 5 or the thiolate 11, the salts 2 readily transferered both the vinyl and phenyl moieties to these nucleophiles to afford the sulfones 7–10 or the sulfides 12, 13, respectively. In the presence of a palladium catalyst, the salt 2e underwent the Heck-type reaction with ethyl acrylate 17 to afford the dienoate 18 and cinnamate 19 in moderate yields. Action of KOBut on the salt 2b yielded p-tolylacetylene 22, while a similar reaction with the salt 2e in the presence of the styrenes 23 gave the cyclopropanes 24. A Hammett study of the latter reaction has suggested a possible involvement of an alkylidenecarbene as the intermediate in these base-promoted reactions.
neutrophils at the site of inflammation. CXCL8 binds two membrane receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, whereas CXCL1 is a selective agonist for CXCR2. In the past decade, the physiopathological role of CXCL8 and CXCL1 has been investigated. A novel class of small molecularweightallosteric CXCR1 inhibitors was identified, and reparixin, the first drug candidate, is currently under clinical investigation in the
3,3-Disubstituted prop-2-enoic acids were selectively prepared in good yields under mild experimental conditions via palladium-catalysed cross-coupling of 3-substituted 3-iodobut-2-enoic acids with miscellaneous organometallic reagents using dichlorobis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) as catalyst and DMF as solvent.
Stereospecific synthesis of (Z) or (E)-3-methylalk-2-enoic acids
作者:Mohamed Abarbri、Jean-Luc Parrain、Alain Duchêne
DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(95)00285-k
日期:1995.4
The palladiumcatalysed coupling of organozinc or organotin reagents with 3-iodobut-2(or 3)-enoic acid is stereoselective and affords Z(or E)-3-methylalk-2-enoic acids. The method was applied to the synthesis of the E and Z stereoisomers of ocimenones and pseudo-tagetones.