氫氧化鉛 | 19783-14-3

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机碱
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 后过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 氫氧化鉛
• 中文别名: 氢氧化铅
• 英文名称: lead dihydroxide
• 英文别名: Lead(II) hydroxide；lead(2+);dihydroxide
• CAS: 19783-14-3
• 化学式: H₂O₂Pb
• 分子量: 241.215
• InChiKey: VNZYIVBHUDKWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  decomposes at 145℃ [HAW93]
• 密度：
  7.590
• 溶解度：
  溶于酸溶液
• 稳定性/保质期：

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.73
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  2
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多它们各自酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C表现出类似的竞争性抑制，这损害了脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过阻碍多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶，这是一种在血红素生物合成中至关重要的酶，而血红素是血红蛋白必需的辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

2A，可能对人类致癌。（L135）

2A, probably carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铅是一种神经毒素，已知会导致大脑损伤和认知能力下降，尤其是在儿童中。铅暴露可能导致肾病，以及诸如高血压和贫血等血液疾病。铅还表现出生殖毒性，可能导致流产和精子产量减少。

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L136）；吸入（L136）；皮肤给药（L136）

Oral (L136) ; inhalation (L136) ; dermal (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

慢性铅中毒的症状包括认知能力下降、恶心、腹痛、易怒、失眠、嘴里有金属味、过度嗜睡或过度活跃、胸痛、头痛，在极端情况下还会出现癫痫、昏迷和死亡。此外，还伴有胃肠道问题，如便秘、腹泻、呕吐、食欲不振、体重减轻，这些在急性中毒中较为常见。

Symptions of chronic lead poisoning include reduced cognitive abilities, nausea, abdominal pain, irritability, insomnia, metal taste in the mouth, excess lethargy or hyperactivity, chest pain, headache and, in extreme cases, seizures, comas, and death. There are also associated gastrointestinal problems, such as constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, weight loss, which are common in acute poisoning. (A2, L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(b)
• 危险品运输编号：
  2291
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1(b)
• 储存条件：
  室温且干燥

制备方法与用途

用途：用于制备铅盐
用途：用于制造含铅的盐类

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氫氧化鉛 生成 氧化铅
  参考文献：
  名称：

  KULBE, BERND;SIEGEL, HANS;MULLER, UTE;WENDT, GERHARDT;MEINICKE, CLAUS-DIE+

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  碳酸铅(II) 生成 氫氧化鉛
  参考文献：
  名称：

  HOSTETTLER, J. E.;BISHOP, M. D.;PATEL, B. B., WORLD OIL, 211,(1990) N, C. 79, 81, 83, 85-87

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Infrared Spectra of M(OH)_1,2,4 (M = Pb, Sn) in Solid Argon
  作者：Xuefeng Wang、Lester Andrews

  DOI：10.1021/jp053420p

  日期：2005.10.1

  shifts. MP2 and B3LYP calculations were performed to obtain molecular structures and to reproduce the infrared spectra. The minimum energy structure found for M(OH)2 has C(s) symmetry and a weak intramolecular hydrogen bond. In experiments with Sn, HD, and O2, the internal D bond is favored over the H bond for Sn(OH)(OD). The Pb(OH)4 and Sn(OH)4 molecules are calculated to have S4 symmetry and substantial

  在过量氩气中冷凝过程中，在与H2O2进行激光烧蚀的金属原子反应中，观察到基质分离的氢氧化铅和锡的氢氧化物M（OH），M（OH）2和M（OH）4（M = Pb，Sn）的红外吸收。还观察到了主要的M（OH）2产物与H2和O2的混合物，可以取代18O2。通过适当的D2O2，D2、16O18O和18O2同位素位移确认了谱带分配。进行MP2和B3LYP计算以获得分子结构并重现红外光谱。M（OH）2的最小能量结构具有C（s）对称性和弱的分子内氢键。在使用Sn，HD和O2的实验中，对于Sn（OH）（OD），内部D键优于H键。计算出Pb（OH）4和Sn（OH）4分子具有S4对称性和实质的共价特征。
• Process of preparing carboxylic acid amides
  申请人：Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha

  公开号：US04304937A1

  公开（公告）日：1981-12-08

  A process of preparing a carboxylic acid amide which comprises reacting (a) an aldehyde with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a primary amine and a secondary amine in the presence of a molecular oxygen-containing gas and palladium metal or platinum metal as the catalyst.

  一种制备羧酸酰胺的过程，包括在存在含有分子氧气体和钯金属或铂金属催化剂的条件下，将（a）醛与（b）氨、一种初级胺和一种次级胺中的至少一种化合物反应。
• GAXOKIDZE, R. A.;SIDAMONIDZE, P. N., IZV. AN GSSR. CEP. XIM., 15,(1989) N, S. 314-315
  作者：GAXOKIDZE, R. A.、SIDAMONIDZE, P. N.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• GAXOKIDZE, R. A.;SIDAMONIDZE, N. N., IZV. AN CCCP. CEP. XIM., 16,(1990) N, S. 115-120
  作者：GAXOKIDZE, R. A.、SIDAMONIDZE, N. N.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• ISONO, TAKU;SATO, MASARU;IMATA, DZEHNSUKEH;KUBO, XIROSI
  作者：ISONO, TAKU、SATO, MASARU、IMATA, DZEHNSUKEH、KUBO, XIROSI

  DOI：——

  日期：——