chromium(III) sulfate

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: chromium(III) sulfate
• 英文别名: chromium sulfate；chromic sulfate；Chromium(3+);sulfate
• 化学式: 2Cr*3O₄S
• 分子量: 392.183
• InChiKey: SEJNXEOQFJEHJL-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.34
• 重原子数：
  6
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  88.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  chromium(III) sulfate 在 NH₄ oxalate 作用下， 以 not given 为溶剂， 生成 铬
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Britton, H. T. S.; Westcott, O. B., Metal Industry (London), 1933, vol. 42, p. 155 - 158

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  二氧化硫 在 alkali chromate or -dichromate 作用下， 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 chromium(III) sulfate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Hodgkinson, W. R.; Young, J., Chemical news and journal of industrial science, 1892, vol. 66, p. 199 - 199

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  silver(I) chloride 在 chromium(III) sulfate 作用下， 生成 银
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Shat'ko, P. P., Zavodskaya Laboratoriya, 1955, vol. 21, p. 921

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ORGANIC ACID CHROMIUM(III) SALTS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF
  申请人：Nippon Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd.

  公开号：EP2039673A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-03-25

  An aqueous solution containing an organic acid chromium (III) salt represented by general formula: Crm(Ax)n, wherein A represents a residue left after proton removal from an organic acid; x represents a charge of A; and m and n represent integers satisfying equation 3m+xn=0, is disclosed. The aqueous solution contains the organic acid chromium (III) salt in a concentration of 6% by weight or higher in terms of Crm(Ax)n, has impurity ion concentrations of Na≤30 ppm, Fe≤20 ppm, Cl≤0.001%, SO4≤0.03%, and NO3≤20 ppm per 20 wt% concentration of Crm(Ax)n, and is substantially free from chromium (VI).

  一种含有有机酸铬（III）盐的水溶液，其通式表示为：Crm(Ax)n，其中A代表从有机酸中去除质子后剩下的残基；x代表A的电荷；m和n代表满足方程3m+xn=0的整数。该水溶液中含有6%或更高浓度的有机酸铬（III）盐，以Crm(Ax)n计算，其中杂质离子浓度为Na≤30 ppm，Fe≤20 ppm，Cl≤0.001%，SO4≤0.03%，NO3≤20 ppm，每20 wt%浓度的Crm(Ax)n，并且基本不含铬（VI）。
• Structural characterization of solid trivalent metal dodecyl sulfates: from aqueous solution to lamellar superstructures
  作者：Rui F. P. Pereira、Artur J. M. Valente、Hugh D. Burrows、Verónica de Zea Bermudez、Rui A. Carvalho、Ricardo A. E. Castro

  DOI：10.1039/c2ra21906a

  日期：——

  Metal dodecyl sulfates of trivalent aluminium, chromium, lanthanum and gadolinium were prepared by addition of the corresponding salts to aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate at the natural pH (ca. 6). Using X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, DSC, thermogravimetry and polarizing light thermomicroscopy it is shown that metal dodecyl sulfates are formed with lamellar structures. These

  三价铝，铬，镧和g的金属十二烷基硫酸盐是通过将相应的盐添加到 十二烷基硫酸钠在自然pH（约6）。使用X射线衍射，FT-IR和NMR光谱，DSC，热重分析和偏振光热显微镜观察，表明金属十二烷基硫酸盐形成了层状结构。它们具有不同的水合度，这取决于金属离子。在某些情况下，有证据表明不同的层状相共存。金属与硫酸根基团牢固地静电结合，尽管烷基链呈延长构象，但有迹象表明与阴离子头基团相邻的亚甲基基团是局部无序的。在三价金属络合物上带有EDS探针的SEM在与本体结构相同的表面显示出1：3的比率。SEM和AFM的研究提供了周期性的证据，这种周期性很可能是由层状分层结构引起的。
• Catalytic alkylation of alcohols to liquid ethers and organic compounds to alkylated products
  申请人：Carter Melvin Keith

  公开号：US20130204037A1

  公开（公告）日：2013-08-08

  A catalytic process is taught for non-oxidative alkylation of organic compounds, comprising alcohols, alkanes, glycols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, thiols or phosphines, by alkyl groups produced from alcohols or glycols, forming products comprising ethers and other higher molecular weight alkylated compounds. The process is conducted at a reflux temperature below 200° C. in the presence of an acid, alkali or neutral salt dehydrating agent comprising sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or their salts, lime or anhydrous calcium sulfate in the absence of zero valent metals and air. Specifically, this catalytic process converts ethanol to ethyl butyl ethers, ethyl hexyl ethers and dibutyl ethers or oxygenated gasoline as well as amines comprising n-butyl amine plus butanol to dibutyl amine and butyl hexyl amines at ambient pressure. This same catalytic alkylation chemistry, which does not constitute a condensation reaction, alkylates 4-hydroxybenzoic acid using ethanol to 4-ethoxyethylbenzoic acid products.

  本发明教授一种非氧化烷基化有机化合物的催化过程，包括醇、烷烃、乙二醇、醚、醛、酮、羧酸、酯、胺、硫醇或膦化物，通过从醇或乙二醇产生的烷基基团进行烷基化反应，形成包括醚和其他高分子量烷基化合物的产物。该过程在200°C以下的回流温度下，在没有零价金属和空气的情况下，存在酸、碱或中性盐脱水剂，包括硫酸、磷酸或它们的盐、石灰或无水硫酸钙。具体而言，该催化过程将乙醇转化为乙基丁基醚、乙基己基醚和二丁基醚或含氧汽油，以及在常压下将正丁胺和丁醇烷基化为二丁基胺和正丁己胺。这种催化烷基化化学反应还可以使用乙醇将4-羟基苯甲酸烷基化为4-乙氧基乙基苯甲酸产物，不构成缩合反应。
• Direct catalytic conversion of sugars to ethanol
  申请人：Carter Melvin Keith

  公开号：US20120041238A1

  公开（公告）日：2012-02-16

  Sugars comprising the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and the disaccharides sucrose and mannose are catalytically converted to ethanol in a sulfate fortified acid medium in the presence of transition metal compounds possessing a degree of symmetry. This is not a fermentation process but is a catalytic chemical process where conversion efficiency is improved by saturating the acidic reaction mixture with inorganic sulfate salts to reduce competitive reactions. Ethanol formed during the reaction is removed by distillation facilitating a continuous process.

  由葡萄糖和果糖组成的单糖以及蔗糖和甘露糖这些二糖，在硫酸盐强化的酸性介质中，在具有一定对称性的过渡金属化合物存在下催化转化为乙醇。这不是一个发酵过程，而是一个催化化学过程，通过将酸性反应混合物饱和地添加无机硫酸盐来提高转化效率，以减少竞争性反应。在反应过程中生成的乙醇通过蒸馏去除，促进了连续过程。
• Organic-soluble optically pure anionic metal complexes PPh4[MIII(S,S-EDDS)]·2H2O (M = Fe, Co, Cr)
  作者：Nikola Paul Chmel、Suzanne E. Howson、Laura E. N. Allan、James Barker、Guy J. Clarkson、Scott S. Turner、Peter Scott

  DOI：10.1039/b924787d

  日期：——

  The first organic-soluble, optically and diastereomerically pure EDDS metal complexes have been synthesised. A number of synthetic approaches were attempted, but finally the tetraphenylphosphonium series emerged as providing readily accessible compounds of trivalent Cr, Fe and Co in reasonable yields via the silver salts without the need to perform ion-exchange chromatography. The species PPh4[MIII(S,S-EDDS)] are very soluble in methanol, acetonitrile and even THF but isolation was facilitated by addition of stoichiometric water giving the highly crystalline but still conveniently soluble title compounds. The structures of the three isomorphous crystals comprise H2O-bridged extended hydrogen bonded structures with large channels occupied by the counterion molecules. The magnetic properties and circular dichroism spectra are reported along with comparative data for water-soluble NH4[FeIII(S,S-EDDS)]. Phase purity (and hence diastereomeric purity) in the paramagnetic systems is assessed through powder XRD. The practical utility of this type of compound was confirmed by optical resolution of (±)-[RuII(bpy)3]Cl2.

  首次合成了有机溶解的、光学和立体异构体纯的EDDS金属复合物。尝试了多种合成方法，最终四苯基磷系列被发现可通过银盐在合理的产率下方便地获得三价铬、铁和钴的化合物，而无需进行离子交换色谱。化合物PPh4[MIII(S,S-EDDS)]在甲醇、乙腈甚至四氢呋喃中具有很高的溶解度，但通过加入化学计量的水来促进分离，从而得到高度结晶但仍然方便溶解的标题化合物。这三种同晶型晶体的结构由H2O桥接的扩展氢键结构组成，具有大的通道，里面被对离子分子占据。报告了其磁性质和圆二色性光谱，并提供了可溶于水的NH4[FeIII(S,S-EDDS)]的比较数据。通过粉末XRD评估了该类参数磁性体系的相纯度（因此也是立体异构体纯度）。通过对(±)-[RuII(bpy)3]Cl2的光学分离，确认了这种化合物的实际应用价值。