ZnSO4, α | 7733-02-0

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属硫化物及硫酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: ZnSO4, α
• 英文别名: Zinc Sulfate；zinc;sulfate
• CAS: 7733-02-0
• 化学式: O₄S*Zn
• 分子量: 161.454
• InChiKey: NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  100°C
• 沸点：
  105°C (estimate)
• 密度：
  1.31 g/mL at 20 °C
• 溶解度：
  可溶于水中
• 最大波长(λmax)：
  λ: 260 nm Amax: <0.02λ: 280 nm Amax: <0.02
• LogP：
  -1.031 (est)
• 物理描述：
  Anhydrous zinc sulfate is a colorless crystalline solid. Zinc sulfate is also obtained as a hexahydrate, ZnSO4.6H2O, and as a heptahydrate ZnSO4.7H2O. All forms are soluble in water. All are noncombustible. The primary hazard is the threat posed to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in the production of rayon, as a feed supplement, and as a fertilizer ingredient.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless, orthorhombic crystals
• 稳定性/保质期：
  There is ... /a/ tendency for solutions of zinc sulfate to form slight cloudiness due to seperation of basic salt formed through partial hydrolysis.
• 分解：
  680 °C

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.34
• 重原子数：
  6
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  88.6
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

锌可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠道进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收由锌载体蛋白CRIP控制。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合，帮助防止过量锌的吸收。锌广泛分布并在所有组织和组织液中找到，特别是在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中。在血液中，锌存在于红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合，以及血浆中的白蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出体外。

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

缺铁性贫血是由于锌的过度吸收抑制了铜和铁的吸收，这很可能是通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合实现的。铜和锌与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶结合的不平衡水平与肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）有关。胃酸能溶解金属锌，生成腐蚀性的氯化锌，这可能会损伤胃粘膜。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。（L48, L49, A49）

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：D；无法归类为人类致癌性。分类依据：基于人类和动物的不充分证据。人类致癌性数据：不充分。动物致癌性数据：不充分。/锌及其化合物/

CLASSIFICATION: D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on inadequate evidence in humans and animals. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. /Zinc and compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期接触锌会导致贫血、共济失调、乏力，并降低体内良好胆固醇的水平。还认为它会导致胰腺和生殖损伤。

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. (L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响

哺乳期使用总结：锌是人类乳汁中的正常成分。通常情况下，孕妇或其他人使用的前瞻性维生素或其他多种矿物质补充剂的每日剂量为15毫克或更低的口服锌，不会改变哺乳期妇女乳汁中的锌水平。因此，母亲可以在哺乳期间服用锌补充剂，以达到每日推荐的摄入量12至13毫克。每日口服剂量在15至25毫克之间对乳汁锌水平的影响可以忽略不计。 哺乳期妇女使用含锌的含片和鼻腔喷雾剂来预防或治疗成人的病毒性上呼吸道感染尚未在哺乳期进行过研究。母亲在短时间内多次使用这些治疗方法，通常不会对哺乳婴儿造成伤害。 对于仅通过母乳喂养的婴儿，无论是由于母亲锌状况不佳、婴儿早产或其他原因导致的锌缺乏，都应通过直接给婴儿补充锌来治疗。 Holder方法巴氏杀菌不会改变牛奶中锌的浓度。 对哺乳婴儿的影响：仅通过母乳喂养的婴儿可能会出现锌缺乏。临床特征包括面部和腹股沟皮疹、腹泻、脱发、对喂养不感兴趣和生长迟缓。一个已知的原因是，由于影响乳腺锌传输蛋白的母体遗传突变，导致乳汁锌水平低于正常水平。锌缺乏也可能发生在非常早产的婴儿身上，这些婴儿没有补充专门为早产儿设计的特殊人类牛奶强化剂。在两种情况下，直接给婴儿喂食锌滴剂可以迅速纠正缺陷并缓解婴儿的症状。 肠病性肢端皮炎是一种由影响婴儿肠道锌传输蛋白的遗传突变引起的先天性锌缺乏症。母乳对这种疾病具有保护作用，这种疾病通常在断奶后发展。如果可能，重新开始母乳喂养，直接给婴儿补充锌滴剂是推荐的治疗方法。 对泌乳和母乳的影响：截至修订日期，未找到相关的已发布信息。

◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Zinc is a normal component in human milk. Typical daily doses of 15 mg or less of oral zinc from prenatal vitamins or other multimineral supplements do not alter milk zinc levels in lactating women. Mothers may therefore take zinc supplementation during lactation to achieve the recommended daily intake of 12 to 13 mg. Daily oral doses between 15 and 25 mg have negligible effects on milk zinc levels. Sublingual zinc lozenges and nasal sprays used to prevent or treat adult viral upper respiratory tract infections have not been studied during lactation. Maternal use of these remedies several times daily for short time periods, as they are typically intended to be used, would not be expected to cause harm to the breastfed infant. Zinc deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants, whether due to inadequate maternal zinc status or to infant premature birth or other causes, should be treated with direct zinc supplementation of the infant. Pasteurization by the Holder method does not change the concentration of zinc in milk. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Zinc deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants can occur. Clinical features include facial and groin rash, diarrhea, hair loss, disinterest in feeding, and failure to thrive. One known cause is below-normal milk zinc levels due to maternal genetic mutations affecting mammary zinc transport proteins. Zinc deficiency may also occur in infants born very preterm who are not supplemented with special human milk fortifiers designed for premature babies. With both causes, direct administration of zinc drops to the infant quickly corrects the deficiency and alleviate the infant’s symptoms. Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a congenital zinc deficiency disorder caused by genetic mutations affecting the infant’s intestinal zinc transporter proteins. Breastmilk is protective against this disorder, which typically develops after weaning from breastmilk feeding. Resuming breastmilk feeding, if possible, and direct infant supplementation with zinc drops are the recommended treatments. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.

来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)

吸收、分配和排泄

• 吸收

大约有20到30%的膳食锌被吸收，主要来自十二指肠和回肠。被吸收的量取决于食物的生物利用率。锌在红肉和牡蛎中生物利用率最高。植酸可能通过螯合作用和在碱性pH值下形成不溶性复合物来阻碍吸收。吸收后，锌在小肠中与金属硫蛋白结合。内源性锌可以在回肠和结肠被重新吸收，形成锌的肠胰腺循环。

Approximately 20 to 30% of dietary zinc is absorbed, primarily from the duodenum and ileum. The amount absorbed is dependent on the bioavailability from food. Zinc is the most bioavailable from red meat and oysters. Phytates may impair absorption by chelation and formation of insoluble complexes at an alkaline pH. After absorption, zinc is bound in the intestine to the protein metallothionein. Endogenous zinc can be reabsorbed in the ileum and colon, creating an enteropancreatic circulation of zinc.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 消除途径

主要存在于粪便中（大约占90%）；较少存在于尿液和汗液中。

Primarily fecal (approximately 90%); to a lesser extent in the urine and in perspiration.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

• 分布容积

吸收后，锌在小肠中与蛋白质金属lothionein结合。锌在全身广泛分布。它主要储存在红细胞、白细胞、肌肉、骨骼、皮肤、肾脏、肝脏、胰腺、视网膜和前列腺中。

After absorption zinc is bound to protein metallothionein in the intestines. Zinc is widely distributed throughout the body. It is primarily stored in RBCs, WBCs, muscles, bones, Skin, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, retina, and prostate.

来源:DrugBank

吸收、分配和排泄

硫酸锌的药代动力学与新开发的锌泛酸进行了比较，实验对象为兔子。每种盐按每千克体重3.3微居里的锌-65剂量给兔子服用。两种化合物的测量药代动力学符合双室开放模型。两种盐的尿液排泄相似，它们在皮肤和毛发的定位也相似，但锌泛酸在肝脏中的保留程度低于硫酸锌。

The pharmacokinetics of zinc sulfate were compared with those of a new zinc pantothenate, in rabbits. Each salt was administered to rabbits at a dosage of 3.3 uCi of zinc-65/kg of body weight. The measured pharmacokinetics of the two compounds responded to a two compartment open model. The urinary elimination of the two salts was similar, as was their localization in the skin and fur, but Zn pantothenate was retained by the liver to a lesser extent than was zinc sulfate (ZnSO4).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

吸收：20%至30%。蛋白质结合：99%。消除：通过小肠排泄。

Absorption: 20% to 30%. Protein binding: 99%. Elimination: Through small bowel excretion.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  9
• 危险品标志：
  Xn,Xi,N
• 安全说明：
  S26,S39,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R52/53,R22,R50/53,R51/53,R41
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  2833293000
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3082/9161
• RTECS号：
  ZH5260000

制备方法与用途

硫酸锌是一种常见的无机化合物，在多个行业中都有广泛的应用。以下是关于硫酸锌的一些关键信息：

制备方法

1. 直接溶解法：将锌或氧化锌溶于稀硫酸中。
2. 焙烧硫化锌法：在空气中焙烧硫化锌（闪锌矿）。
3. 置换反应法：使用金属锌与不活泼金属的硫酸盐溶液反应。

物理化学性质

• 无色斜方晶体，相对密度为3.54。
• 易溶于水，水溶液显弱酸性。
• 能够形成复盐（如ZnSO4·K2SO4·6H2O）。

主要用途

1. 工业领域：用作印染媒染剂、木材防腐剂、造纸漂白剂等。
2. 医药领域：治疗锌缺乏症相关疾病，如痤疮、皮肤溃疡等。
3. 其他应用：生产锌盐、农药、电镀材料等。

健康与安全注意事项

• 吞咽有害，会造成严重眼睛刺激，对水生生物毒性非常大。
• 应储存在干燥环境中，并采取适当防护措施防止火灾发生。

食品添加剂使用

• 允许使用的食品类型为食品工业用加工助剂。
• 最大允许残留量标准：其他饮用水（调制水）中以Zn计最大允许含量为2.4mg/L，但需在最终产品中去除。

储存与运输

• 贮存在干燥的库房中。
• 运输时需带遮盖物，防止日晒、雨淋及受潮。
• 失火时可用水浇救。

总之，硫酸锌作为一种多功能化学品，在多个领域都有重要应用。但在使用过程中需要注意其潜在的安全性和环境影响问题。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  ZnSO4, α 生成 氢氧化锌
  参考文献：
  名称：

  VALSYUNAS, A. I., 1990) 12 S., LITNIINTI, 2469-LI90

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硫酸 生成 ZnSO4, α
  参考文献：
  名称：

  KUBO, XIROMI;SEHKIYA, TEHTSUO;MATSUGURA, OSAKU

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  ZnSO4, α 、 、 L-苯丙氨酸 在 ZnSO4, α 、 ammonium hydroxide 作用下， 以zinc phenylalaninate crystals are obtained (crystal wt: 32.4 g, purity: 99.2%)的产率得到ZINC phenylalaninate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for purification and recovery of L-phenylalanine

  摘要：

  从含有苯丙氨酸的微生物发酵液中纯化和回收苯丙氨酸的过程包括在pH值为7-9时提供苯丙氨酸的锌盐，在pH值为4-7时添加酸，并分离沉淀的苯丙氨酸。

  公开号：

  US04960930A1

文献信息

• The isothermal decomposition of metal sulphate powders in high vacuum
  作者：Edmund Gimzewski、Peter A.H. Wyatt

  DOI：10.1016/0040-6031(81)80034-2

  日期：1981.3

  Abstract The isothermal decomposition of MSO 4 powder (M = Cu 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ ) in a high vacuum was studied by following the mass of 40 mg samples in a small platinum cup. The respective rate equations are d w /d t = k 1 , d w /d t = k 2 , d w /d t = k 3 w −1 , where w is weight loss and t is time, and the activation enthalpies are 262 ± 10 kJ mole −1 , 260 ± 21 kJ mole −1 , and 238 ± 14 kJ mol

  摘要 通过在小铂杯中跟踪 40 mg 样品的质量，研究了 MSO 4 粉末（M = Cu 2+ 、Ni 2+ 、Zn 2+ ）在高真空下的等温分解。各自的速率方程为 dw /dt = k 1 、dw /dt = k 2 、dw /dt = k 3 w -1 ，其中 w 为重量损失，t 为时间，活化焓为 262 ± 10 kJ 摩尔 - 1、260 ± 21 kJ mol -1 和238 ± 14 kJ mol -1 。观察了分解的形态，并讨论了它们与物理测量的相关性。
• Chemical immobilization of enzymes
  申请人：Owens-Illinois, Inc.

  公开号：US03933589A1

  公开（公告）日：1976-01-20

  Disclosed is a method for chemically immobilizing enzymes on a support to form a biologically active composite having prolonged service life by using a preformed reaction solution of an alkane dihalide and an alkane diamine for the chemical immobilization.

  本发明揭示了一种方法，通过使用预制的烷基二卤化物和烷基二胺的反应液来进行化学固定酶在支持物上，形成具有延长使用寿命的生物活性复合物的化学固定方法。
• SINGLE POT PROCESS FOR PREPARING METAL PICOLINATES FROM ALPHA PECOLINE
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20020177584A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-11-28

  The present invention relates to a single pot process for the preparation of metal picolinates useful as dietary supplement from alpha picoline, said process comprising hydrosulphonation of alpha picoline with sulphuric acid; heating the reaction mixture thus obtained between the range of 150° to 210 ° C. followed by oxidation with any suitable oxidizing agent to obtain alpha picolinic acid sulphate, and treating the thus obtained alpha picolinic acid sulphate with a metal salt solution to obtain corresponding metal picolinate.

  本发明涉及一种单锅法制备金属吡啶酸盐的方法，该方法从α-吡啶酮中制备出有用的膳食补充剂。该方法包括将α-吡啶酮通过硫酸进行氢磺化反应，然后将所得的反应混合物在150℃至210℃的范围内加热，然后用任何合适的氧化剂进行氧化，以得到α-吡啶酸硫酸盐，并将得到的α-吡啶酸硫酸盐与金属盐溶液处理，以得到相应的金属吡啶酸盐。
• Process for preparing metal salts of alkyl phosphates
  申请人：Sakai Chemical Industry Company, Ltd.

  公开号：US04163018A1

  公开（公告）日：1979-07-31

  A process for preparing metal salts of alkyl phosphate of either one of the formulae: ##STR1## WHICH COMPRISES REACTING AN ALKYL PHOSPHATE OF EITHER ONE OF THE FORMULAE: ##STR2## in the form of its alkali metal salt with a metal salt of the formula: M.sub.n X.sub.m in an aqueous medium at a temperature of from about 50.degree. to 80.degree. C. (wherein R is an alkyl group of not less than 12 carbon atoms, M is an alkaline earth metal, aluminum or zinc, X is halogen ion, sulfate ion or nitrate ion, l is an integer corresonding to the atomic valency of M, r is an integer of 0, 1 or 2, m is an integer of 1, 2 or 3 and n is an integer of 1 or 2).

  制备烷基磷酸盐金属盐的方法，其包括在水介质中，将式之一的烷基磷酸盐以其碱金属盐的形式与式M.sub.nX.sub.m的金属盐反应，其中R是不少于12个碳原子的烷基，M是碱土金属、铝或锌，X是卤离子、硫酸根离子或硝酸根离子，l是M的原子价对应的整数，r是0、1或2的整数，m是1、2或3的整数，n是1或2的整数，反应温度在50℃到80℃之间。
• Apparatus and method for ammonia removal from waste streams
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20010033816A1

  公开（公告）日：2001-10-25

  Apparatus, materials, and methods for removing ammonia from fluids using metal hydroxides (e.g. zinc hydroxide) and metal loaded media (e.g. zinc loaded ion exchange resins); the metal hydroxides and metal loaded media may be regenerated with a weak acid (pK a between 3 and 7). Alternatively, ammonia is removed from fluids by using H2SO4 and ZnSO4 and metal loaded media; the metal loaded media may be regenerated with H2SO4 and ZnSO4; the ammonia containing H2SO4 and ZnSO4 may be concentrated as necessary to form (NH 4 )2SO 4 .ZnSO 4 .6H 2 O (ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate) crystals. These crystals are removed from the mother liquor and heated to temperatures exceeding 200° C. releasing NH 3 and H 2 O vapor upon the decomposition of the crystals.

  使用金属羟化物（例如氢氧化锌）和金属负载介质（例如负载锌离子交换树脂）从流体中去除氨的装置、材料和方法；金属羟化物和金属负载介质可用弱酸（pKa在3到7之间）再生。或者，使用H2SO4和ZnSO4以及金属负载介质从流体中去除氨；金属负载介质可用H2SO4和ZnSO4再生；含氨的H2SO4和ZnSO4可根据需要浓缩成（NH4）2SO4.ZnSO4.6H2O（硫酸铵锌六水合物）晶体。这些晶体从母液中分离出来，并加热至超过200°C，晶体分解时释放NH3和H2O蒸汽。

表征谱图