Dioxouranium;dihydrofluoride

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 锕系盐类
• 英文名称: Dioxouranium;dihydrofluoride
• 化学式: F2H2O2U
• 分子量: 310.04
• InChiKey: RXWCTKVOMOOHCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.07
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  34.1
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

铀酰氟化物可以通过水解生成氢氟酸，从而产生典型的毒性。

... Uranyl fluoride can produce a typical toxicity because of hydrolysis to hydrogen fluoride.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

铀通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被少量吸收。体内的铀通常以尿anyl离子（UO2）2+的形式存在，与阴离子如柠檬酸盐和碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合。铀优先分布到骨骼、肝脏和肾脏。进入体内的铀大部分不被吸收，并通过尿液和粪便从体内排出。(L248)

Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铀与血液中的碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合，但一旦进入肾脏，它就会被释放并与肾小管壁上的磷酸盐配体和蛋白质形成复合物，造成损害。铀还可能抑制肾近端小管中的依赖钠传输和不依赖钠传输的ATP利用和线粒体氧化磷酸化。铀通过损害肺泡上皮II型细胞引起呼吸系统疾病。铀诱导c-Jun N端激酶（JNK）和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）的激活，进而诱导肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的分泌，在肺部产生炎症反应。研究表明，铀盐越可溶，毒性越大。铀产生的电离辐射损伤DNA，导致基因突变和染色体畸变。这可以启动和促进致癌作用，并干扰繁殖和发育。（L249, A160）

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (L249, A160)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A1; 确认的人类致癌物。/铀(天然)，可溶性和不溶性化合物，以U形式/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Uranium (natural), soluble and insoluble compounds, as U/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

铀：第1组，对人类有致癌性（L135）

Uranium: Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铀主要损害肾脏，但也可能损害肺部、中枢神经系统和免疫系统。铀的放射性被认为会损害DNA，导致致癌效应以及生殖和发育损害。

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L249）；吸入（L249）；皮肤给药（L249）

Oral (L249) ; inhalation (L249) ; dermal (L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

铀六氟化物/铀酰氟吸入研究在纯种雌性比格犬中进行，以探讨暴露、全身、肺和肾脏铀水平与排泄率、肾损伤、分布与滞留以及耐受性之间的关系。在铀(6+)化学毒性的背景下研究了这些问题，对235-铀酰氟在氢氟酸存在和不存在的情况下的短暂暴露进行了研究（235-铀六氟化物的分解产物）。应用了伽马铀-235和阿尔法铀-234计数方法。研究结果表明，铀酰氟在肺部的滞留时间短于三氧化铀或铀酰硝酸盐，超过80%的铀酰氟在半衰期小于20分钟内转移，且(6+)的尿排泄紧密遵循国际放射防护委员会的排泄方程。/铀氟化物/

Uranium hexafluoride/uranyl fluoride inhalation studies were undertaken in purebred, female beagle dogs to examine the possible relations of exposure, whole body, lung & renal uranium levels to excretion rates, renal injury, distribution & retention, & tolerance. Each of these issues was investigated in the context of chemical toxicity of uranium(6+) following brief exposures to 235-uranyl fluoride in the presence & absence of hydrogen fluoride (the decomp products of 235-uranium hexafluoride). Both gamma-uranium-235 & alpha-uranium-234 counting methods were applied. Findings show that uranyl fluoride retention time in the lung is shorter than for uranium trioxide or uranyl nitrate, more than 80% translocated with half-life of less than 20 min & urinary elimination of (6+) follows closely to the international commission on radiological protection's excretion equation. /Uranium fluorides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

可溶性铀化合物，包括六氟化铀、尿酰硝酸盐、尿酰氯化物、尿酰氟化物以及尿醇醋酸盐、硫酸盐和碳酸盐，可以从肺部传输到身体的其他部位。

Sol compounds are highly transportable from lung to other parts of the body; these include uranium hexafluoride, uranyl nitrate, uranyl chloride, uranyl fluoride, & uranyl acetates, sulfates & carbonates. /Soluble uranium compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

可溶性铀酰盐在小剂量时在哺乳动物体内的吸收率约为10%；... 从肌肉注射部位和腹膜腔吸收铀盐的效果较差。... 可溶性铀酰盐也可以通过皮肤吸收。吸入后，铀盐从肺部组织进入血液的吸收取决于...其溶解性和粒子大小。/可溶性铀酰盐/

GI absorption of small doses of soluble uranyl salts in mammals is about 10%;... Absorption of uranium salts from sites of im injection and from peritoneal cavity is poor. ... Soluble uranyl salts are also absorbed through skin. Following inhalation the absorption of uranium salts from the lung tissues into blood depends upon ... solubility and particle size. /Soluble uranyl salts/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在急性人体暴露情况下，肾脏中的铀沉积物以2到6天的半衰期被消除。到达肺泡的可溶性铀盐几乎被完全吸收，然后迅速清除到尿液中、肾脏和骨骼中，30天内肺部不会有残留。到达肺泡的不溶性化合物，如UO2或UO3，倾向于留在肺组织或肺门淋巴结中，但在大鼠体内的半衰期分别为1天（25%）、10天（15%）和155天（60%）被清除。 /铀化合物/

In acute human exposure situations, uranium deposits in the kidney are eliminated with a half-time of 2 to 6 days. Inhaled soluble uranium salts that reach the alveoli are almost completely absorbed and then cleared rapidly to the urine, kidneys, and bone, with none left in the lungs by 30 days. Insoluble compounds, such as UO2 or UO3, that reach the alveoli tend to remain in lung tissue or hilar lymph nodes but are cleared in rats with half-times of 1 day (25%), 10 days (15%), and 155 days (60%). /Uranium compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)