Aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) | 1302-81-4

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属硫化物及硫酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 后过渡金属盐
• 英文名称: Aluminum sulfide (Al2S3)
• 英文别名: dialuminum;trisulfide
• CAS: 1302-81-4
• 化学式: Al2S3
• 分子量: 150.2
• InChiKey: COOGPNLGKIHLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  1100 °C
• 密度：
  2.02 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
• 物理描述：
  OtherSolid

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.77
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

铝通过口服或吸入暴露后吸收不良，基本上不通过皮肤吸收。铝的生物利用度受到铝化合物的影响，以及存在可以与铝形成络合物并增强或抑制其吸收的饮食成分的影响。铝在血液中与各种配体结合并分布到每个器官，其中在骨骼和肺组织中浓度最高。在生物体中，铝被认为存在四种不同的形式：作为自由离子，作为低分子量络合物，作为物理结合的大分子络合物，以及作为共价结合的大分子络合物。吸收的铝主要通过尿液排出，较少部分通过胆汁排出，而未吸收的铝则通过粪便排出。（L739）

Aluminum is poorly absorbed following either oral or inhalation exposure and is essentially not absorbed dermally. The bioavailability of aluminum is strongly influenced by the aluminum compound and the presence of dietary constituents which can complex with aluminum and enhance or inhibit its absorption. Aluminum binds to various ligands in the blood and distributes to every organ, with highest concentrations found in bone and lung tissues. In living organisms, aluminum is believed to exist in four different forms: as free ions, as low-molecular-weight complexes, as physically bound macromolecular complexes, and as covalently bound macromolecular complexes. Absorbed aluminum is excreted principally in the urine and, to a lesser extent, in the bile, while unabsorbed aluminum is excreted in the faeces. (L739)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铝的主要靶器官是中枢神经系统和骨骼。铝与饮食中的磷结合，并影响胃肠道对磷的吸收。体内磷负荷的降低会导致骨软化（由于骨骼矿化缺陷导致的骨质疏松）和佝偻病。铝的神经毒性被认为涉及多种机制。细胞骨架蛋白功能的改变，如磷酸化、蛋白水解、运输和合成的改变，被认为是其中一个原因。铝可能通过影响血脑屏障的通透性、胆碱能活性、信号转导途径、脂质过氧化以及损害神经元的谷氨酸一氧化氮-环磷酸鸟苷酸途径，以及由于类似的配位化学性质和随后的竞争性相互作用而干扰必需微量元素的代谢，从而诱导神经行为效应。有研究表明，铝与雌激素受体的相互作用增加了雌激素相关基因的表达，从而促进了乳腺癌的进展（A235），但研究尚未能够建立铝与乳腺癌风险增加之间的明确联系（A15468）。某些铝盐通过激活炎症小体来诱导免疫反应。（L739, A235, A236）

The main target organs of aluminum are the central nervous system and bone. Aluminum binds with dietary phosphorus and impairs gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. The decreased phosphate body burden results in osteomalacia (softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization) and rickets. Aluminum's neurotoxicity is believed to involve several mechanisms. Changes in cytoskeletal protein functions as a results of altered phosphorylation, proteolysis, transport, and synthesis are believed to be one cause. Aluminum may induce neurobehavioral effects by affecting permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cholinergic activity, signal transduction pathways, lipid peroxidation, and impair neuronal glutamate nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, as well as interfere with metabolism of essential trace elements because of similar coordination chemistries and consequent competitive interactions. It has been suggested that aluminum's interaction with estrogen receptors increases the expression of estrogen-related genes and thereby contributes to the progression of breast cancer (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link between aluminum and increased risk of breast cancer (A15468). Certain aluminum salts induce immune responses by activating inflammasomes. (L739, A235, A236)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

未列入国际癌症研究机构(IARC)名录。国际癌症研究机构将铝生产归类为对人类致癌(第1组)，但并未将铝本身视为人类致癌物。(L135)有人提出铝制止汗剂的使用与乳腺癌风险增加之间存在关联(A235)，但研究并未能确立明确的联系(A15468)。

Not listed by IARC. IARC classified aluminum production as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), but did not implicate aluminum itself as a human carcinogen. (L135) A link between use of aluminum-containing antiperspirants and increased risk of breast cancer has been proposed (A235), but studies have not been able to establish a clear link (A15468).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铝针对神经系统，导致神经系统性能下降，并与血脑屏障功能改变有关。体内铝的积累可能导致骨骼或脑部疾病。高水平的铝与阿尔茨海默病有关。少数人对铝过敏，在接触或摄入含有铝的产品时，会经历接触性皮炎、消化紊乱、呕吐或其他症状。

Aluminum targets the nervous system and causes decreased nervous system performance and is associated with altered function of the blood-brain barrier. The accumulation of aluminum in the body may cause bone or brain diseases. High levels of aluminum have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L739）；吸入（L739）

Oral (L739) ; inhalation (L739)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

吸入铝尘会导致咳嗽和胸部X光异常。一小部分人对铝过敏，在接触或摄入含有铝的产品时，会经历接触性皮炎、消化系统紊乱、呕吐或其他症状。

Inhalating aluminum dust causes coughing and abnormal chest X-rays. A small percentage of people are allergic to aluminium and experience contact dermatitis, digestive disorders, vomiting or other symptoms upon contact or ingestion of products containing aluminium. (L739, L740)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  4.3
• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S26,S27,S36/37/39
• 危险类别码：
  R36/37/38
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN3134
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  4.3

制备方法与用途

硫化铝概述

硫化铝是一种黄色粉末或晶体，在过量铝的混合作用下会呈现灰色，并具有硫化氢特有的臭味。其相对密度为2.02，熔点达到1100℃，沸点为1500℃（在氮气中升华），并稍有离解作用。与水或潮湿空气接触时会发生水解反应，生成硫化氢和氢氧化铝。它能溶解于酸类物质中，但不溶于酮。此外，硫化铝还能被铁或烃类还原为铝，并与二氧化硫反应生成硫磺和硫酸铝。

用途

硫化铝因其独特的性质，在多个领域具有广泛的应用价值：

• 可用于制备防水保温涂料。
• 适用于制作混凝土防水剂。
• 能够制备碳纤维增强铝基复合材料。
• 还可用于制备碳化硅钛基复合材料。