Lactam inhibitors are provided which have the structure
1
including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and all stereoisomers thereof, and prodrug esters thereof, wherein n is 1 to 5; and
and R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
6
, R
7
, R
8
, R
9
, R
10
, R
10a
, 10
11
and R
12
are as defined herein. These compounds are inhibitors of Factor Xa and thus are useful as anticoagulants. A method for treating cardiovascular diseases associated with thromboses is also provided.