溴化亚汞(I) | 15385-58-7

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属盐
• 中文名称: 溴化亚汞(I)
• 中文别名: 溴化汞(I)；溴化亚汞；溴化亚汞(Ⅰ)
• 英文名称: mercury(I) bromide
• 英文别名: mercurous bromide；mercury(1+);dibromide
• CAS: 15385-58-7
• 化学式: Br₂Hg₂
• 分子量: 560.988
• InChiKey: RVARJMCTILSHND-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  445 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  sublimes at 340–350℃ [HAW93]
• 密度：
  7.31 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• 溶解度：
  不溶于水、乙醇、乙醚
• 物理描述：
  Mercurous bromide is a white, odorless powder. Darkens on exposure to light. Sublimes at high temperatures.
• 颜色/状态：
  White powder
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 味道：
  Tasteless
• 蒸汽密度：
  19.3 (AIR= 1)
• 稳定性/保质期：
  Becomes yellow on heating, returning to white on cooling; Darkens on exposure to light

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.69
• 重原子数：
  4
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

汞主要通过摄入和吸入被吸收，然后通过血液流动分布到全身，其中一部分会与血红蛋白上的巯基团结合。汞可以经过氧化变成汞离子，这一过程通过过氧化氢酶-过氧化氢途径进行。汞原子能够扩散到过氧化氢酶酶隙中，到达含有血红素环的活性位点。由于过氧化氢酶-过氧化氢途径普遍存在，氧化最可能在所有组织中发生。氧化后，汞倾向于在肾脏中积累。汞主要通过呼出和粪便排出体外。溴主要通过吸入被吸收，但也可以通过皮肤接触进入人体。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的反应性，它会迅速形成溴化物，并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。（L626，A6，L7）

Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Mercury can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase-hydrogen peroxide pathway. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, A6, L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

汞离子与蛋白质的巯基或硫醇基团的高亲和力结合被认为是汞活性的主要机制。通过改变细胞内巯基的状态，汞可以促进氧化应激、脂质过氧化、线粒体功能障碍和血红素代谢的变化。已知汞能与微囊和线粒体酶结合，导致细胞损伤和死亡。例如，汞可以抑制水通道蛋白，阻止细胞膜上的水流。它还抑制LCK蛋白，导致T细胞信号传导减少和免疫系统抑制。汞还被认为是通过作用于突触后神经细胞膜来抑制神经兴奋性。它还通过抑制蛋白激酶C和碱性磷酸酶来影响神经系统，这会损害脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变血脑屏障。汞还能产生自身免疫反应，可能是通过修饰主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）II类分子、自身肽、T细胞受体或细胞表面粘附分子。溴是一种强大的氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧自由基。这些自由基也是强氧化剂，会导致组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子还已知会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子在神经递质和传输系统的反应中替代氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。（L626, L627, A543, L7, A8, A25, A26）

High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L7, A8, A25, A26)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

3, 其对人类致癌性无法分类。

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

水银主要影响神经系统。长期接触高浓度的金属、无机或有机水银可能会对大脑、肾脏和发育中的胎儿造成永久性损害。对大脑功能的影响可能导致易怒、害羞、震颤、视力或听力改变以及记忆问题。儿童的水银中毒，被称为手足口病，其特征是手和脚疼痛和粉红色变色。水银中毒还可能引起亨特-拉塞尔综合症和熊本病。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中睡意到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射消失或病理性反射、阵挛性发作、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、麻痹、眼乳头水肿、言语异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神病的中心反应。（L625，L626，L627，L7）

Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627, L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L7）；吸入（L7）；皮肤给药（L7）

Oral (L7) ; inhalation (L7); dermal (L7)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

常见症状包括周围神经病变（表现为感觉异常、瘙痒、灼热或疼痛）、皮肤变色（红润的面颊、指尖和脚趾）、水肿（肿胀）和脱屑（死皮成层脱落）。溴蒸气引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损伤。症状包括流泪、流涕、眼部刺激伴有来自口咽和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，可导致共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。（L626, L627, A5）

Common symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, A5)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品标志：
  T+,N
• 安全说明：
  S13,S28,S45,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R26/27/28,R50/53,R33
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1634 6.1/PG 2
• RTECS号：
  QJ4730000
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)

制备方法与用途

水中溶解度(g/100ml)：每100毫升水中的溶解克数为1.352×10^-6（20℃）。

用途： 用作分析试剂，也广泛应用于制药工业。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  mercury(II) bromide perchlorate 、 溴化亚汞(I) 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Brodersen, K.; Hoffmann, J., Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  溴化铵 生成 溴化亚汞(I)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  SMIRNOV, V. A.;KOPETSKIJ, CH. V.;REDKIN, A. N., VYSOKOCHIST. VESHCHESTVA,(1988) N 1, 48-54

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Reflection and Absorption Edge Spectra in Mercurous Halide Single Crystals
  作者：Xue Yin Jiang、Tadashi Itoh、Takenari Goto

  DOI：10.1143/jpsj.53.3672

  日期：1984.10

  The reflection and absorption edge spectra in Hg 2 I 2 and Hg 2 Br 2 single crystals were measured in the visible and near ultraviolet region at various temperatures. The exciton transition of the lowest energy was assigned as the direct transition for E // c between the bonding and antibonding states of the Hg-Hg bond. The high temperature steepness constant was obtained to be 0.53 in Hg 2 I 2 from

  Hg 2 I 2 和Hg 2 Br 2 单晶的反射和吸收边光谱在可见光和近紫外区在不同温度下进行测量。最低能量的激子跃迁被指定为 E // c 在 Hg-Hg 键的键合和反键合状态之间的直接跃迁。从吸收边缘的分析中获得的高温陡峭常数为 0.53，在 Hg 2 I 2 中，表明该晶体中存在强激子-LO 声子相互作用。
• Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br, a Supramolecular Assembly Featuring a Discrete [YbBr6]3− Anion
  作者：Andrei V. Olenev、Tatiana A. Shestimerova、Walter Schnelle、Andrei V. Shevelkov

  DOI：10.1002/zaac.200500059

  日期：2005.7

  novel supramolecular assembly [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br has been prepared and its structure determined. It crystallizes in a cubic space group , a = 12.362(1) A, with Z = 4. The title compound is a bi-compartmental supramolecular architecture that is built of a three-dimensional [Hg6As4]4+ cationic framework trapping two types of guest anions, [YbBr6]3− and Br−, in a chessboard-like order. [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br is

  一种新型超分子组装体 [Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br 已被制备并确定其结构。它在立方空间群中结晶，a = 12.362(1) A，Z = 4。标题化合物是一种双室超分子结构，由三维 [Hg6As4]4+ 阳离子框架构成，捕获两种类型的客体阴离子，[YbBr6]3- 和 Br-，以棋盘状的顺序排列。[Hg6As4][YbBr6]Br 是居里-魏斯顺磁体，磁矩为 4.47 μB，反映了 Yb 的 4f13 电子的定域特性。因此，整个组件表现为磁性稀释化合物。
• Brodersen, K.; Hoffmann, J., Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie
  作者：Brodersen, K.、Hoffmann, J.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Voyiatzis; Papatheodorou, Inorganic Chemistry, 1992, vol. 31, # 10, p. 1945 - 1951
  作者：Voyiatzis、Papatheodorou

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• SMIRNOV, V. A.;KOPETSKIJ, CH. V.;REDKIN, A. N., VYSOKOCHIST. VESHCHESTVA,(1988) N 1, 48-54
  作者：SMIRNOV, V. A.、KOPETSKIJ, CH. V.、REDKIN, A. N.

  DOI：——

  日期：——