Silanediols: A New Class of Potent Protease Inhibitors
摘要:
Transition state analogues of the peptide hydrolysis intermediate can take the form of complex silanediols such as 1, which inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) at nanomolar concentrations. In contrast, earlier investigation of enzyme inhibition with simple silanediols and silanetriols showed them to be inactive.
Silanediols: A New Class of Potent Protease Inhibitors
摘要:
Transition state analogues of the peptide hydrolysis intermediate can take the form of complex silanediols such as 1, which inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) at nanomolar concentrations. In contrast, earlier investigation of enzyme inhibition with simple silanediols and silanetriols showed them to be inactive.
Radical Philicity Inversion in Co- and Fe-Catalyzed Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer-Initiated Cyclizations of Unsaturated Acylsilanes
作者:Bin Wu、Rong Zhu
DOI:10.1021/acscatal.9b04774
日期:2020.1.3
hydrogen-atom-transfer reactions involving unsaturated acylsilanes. Guided by the same concept, we have explored two transformations, namely, a Co-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction and a Fe-catalyzed cyclization/Giese addition reaction. Both reactions involve the generation of a versatile α-siloxy radical intermediate via concomitant philicity inversion and radical translocation, which is mechanistically
Compounds of formula (I, II, or III), wherein X is OH; Y is OH, H, lower alkyl of one to six carbons or heteroatoms or F; Z and Z′ are independently H, lower alkyl or Q
3
Si where Q is lower alkyl or aryl; n is 3-50; n′ is 2-50; A and B are independently a) alkyl of one to ten carbons or heteroatoms, b) aryl of four to ten carbons or heteroatoms, c) cyclic of three to ten carbons or heteroatoms, or moieties of the formulas (d, e, or f); R
1
-R
11
groups are each independently hydrogen, alkyl of one to ten carbons or heteroatoms, aryl of 4 to 14 carbons or heteroatoms, arylalkyl of five to twenty carbons or heteroatoms; unsubstituted carbonyl or substituted carbonyl. Heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, silicon or sulfur. At least one of A or B, or both A and B are d), e), or f). The compounds of formula (I) inhibit protease enzymes and can be used as pharmaceuticals.
Silicon-Based Metalloprotease Inhibitors: Synthesis and Evaluation of Silanol and Silanediol Peptide Analogues as Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme<sup>1</sup>
作者:Mwangi wa Mutahi、Thomas Nittoli、Luxuan Guo、Scott McN. Sieburth
DOI:10.1021/ja026158w
日期:2002.6.1
Silanols are best known as unstable precursors of siloxane (silicone) polymers, substances generally considered stable and inert, but have the potential to mimic a hydrated carbonyl and inhibit protease enzymes. While previous testing of simple silanediol and silanetriol species as inhibitors of hydrolase enzymes found them ineffective, this study reports polypeptide mimics with a central methylsilanol [SiMeOH] or silanediol [Si(OH)(2)] group and their assessment as effective transition state analogue inhibitors of the well-studied metalloprotease angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Central to the synthesis strategy, phenylsilanes were employed as acid-hydrolyzable precursors of the silanol group. The N-benzoyl Leu[SiMeOH]-Gly benzyl amides proved to be stable and readily characterized. In contrast, the Leu-[Si(OH)(2)]Gly structure was difficult to characterize, possibly because of self-association. Capping the silanediol with chlorotrimethylsilane gave a well-defined trisiloxane, demonstrating that the silanediol was monomeric. The Leu-[Si]-Gly structures were converted to Leu-[Si]-Ala analogues by enolate alkylation. Coupling of the silanol precursors with proline tert-butyl ester gave N-benzoyl Leu-[Si]-Gly-Pro and N-benzoyl Leu[Si]-Ala-Pro tripeptide analogues. Treatment of these with triflic acid formed the corresponding methylsilanols and silanediols, all of which were monomeric. The silanediol tripeptide mimics inhibited ACE with IC50 values as low as 14 nM. Methylsilanols, in contrast, were poor inhibitors, with IC50 values above 3000 nM. These data, including comparisons with inhibition data from carbon analogues, are consistent with binding of the silanediols by chelation of the ACE active site zinc, whereas the methylsilanols ligate poorly.