Macrocyclic Bisindolylmaleimides: Synthesis by Inter- and Intramolecular Alkylation
摘要:
Macrocyclic bisindolylmaleimides 1-4 have been identified as competitive reversible inhibitors of PKC beta(1) and beta(2) and are being advanced to the clinic for evaluation as a treatment of retinopathy associated with diabetic complications. Highly convergent and stereoselective syntheses of 1-4 have been developed. The key synthetic step involves intermolecular alkylation of symmetrical bisindolylmaleimide 9 with chiral bisalkylating agent 8c and is amenable to the preparation of multikilogram quantities of these compounds. The synthetic sequence to 1, the most active compound, proceeds in 11 steps and 26% overall yield (>98% ee) from (R)-1-chloro-2,3-propanediol. No chromatographic purifications are required throughout the process and the final product is isolated in >97% purity after crystallization from DMF/MeOH. Synthesis of 1-4 by intramolecular alkylation proved less efficient, requiring 1? steps and affording 1-4 in lower overall yields of 6.0-8.5%.
The present invention provides a novel synthesis of the compounds of Formula (I): ##STR1## The compounds are produced in high yield and without utilizing expensive chromatographic separations. The synthesis is particularly advantageous because it is stereoselective.
Macrocyclic Bisindolylmaleimides: Synthesis by Inter- and Intramolecular Alkylation
作者:Margaret M. Faul、Leonard L. Winneroski、Christine A. Krumrich、Kevin A. Sullivan、James R. Gillig、David A. Neel、Christopher J. Rito、Michael R. Jirousek
DOI:10.1021/jo971980h
日期:1998.3.1
Macrocyclic bisindolylmaleimides 1-4 have been identified as competitive reversible inhibitors of PKC beta(1) and beta(2) and are being advanced to the clinic for evaluation as a treatment of retinopathy associated with diabetic complications. Highly convergent and stereoselective syntheses of 1-4 have been developed. The key synthetic step involves intermolecular alkylation of symmetrical bisindolylmaleimide 9 with chiral bisalkylating agent 8c and is amenable to the preparation of multikilogram quantities of these compounds. The synthetic sequence to 1, the most active compound, proceeds in 11 steps and 26% overall yield (>98% ee) from (R)-1-chloro-2,3-propanediol. No chromatographic purifications are required throughout the process and the final product is isolated in >97% purity after crystallization from DMF/MeOH. Synthesis of 1-4 by intramolecular alkylation proved less efficient, requiring 1? steps and affording 1-4 in lower overall yields of 6.0-8.5%.