Studies on the enantiomers of ZJM-289: synthesis and biological evaluation of antiplatelet, antithrombotic and neuroprotective activities
作者:Xiaoli Wang、Qian Zhao、Xuliang Wang、Tingting Li、Yisheng Lai、Sixun Peng、Hui Ji、Jinyi Xu、Yihua Zhang
DOI:10.1039/c2ob26511g
日期:——
ZJM-289 is a potent racemic agent which inhibits both platelet aggregation and thrombosis superior to a known anti-ischemic stroke drug 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP). Herein, the enantiomers of ZJM-289, (S)-ZJM-289 and (R)-ZJM-289, were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. It was observed that the two enantiomers appeared to be almost as effective as ZJM-289 in inhibiting platelet aggregation in vitro and thrombus formation in vivo. Moreover, like ZJM-289, its enantiomers could regulate the ratio of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, and enhanced levels of nitric oxide (NO), cAMP and cGMP, suggesting that the anti-platelet and antithrombotic activities of the enantiomers and ZJM-289 are associated with both the arachidonic acid cascade and cGMP–NO signal pathway. Furthermore, it was found that oral administration of the enantiomers and ZJM-289 for three days significantly reduced the infarct size, brain water content and neurological deficit in rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Importantly, the two enantiomers equally improved blood flow in the ischemic stroke model and modulated endothelial function through releasing moderate levels of NO, which might, at least partially, contribute to their neuroprotection. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that the two enantiomers are as potent as ZJM-289 in inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombosis and in neuroprotection, and (S)-ZJM-289 shows somewhat better effects than (R)-ZJM-289 and ZJM-289 in a few cases. These findings may provide new insights into the development of therapeutic agents like ZJM-289 for the intervention of thrombosis-related ischemic stroke.
ZJM-289是一种强效的外消旋剂,其在抑制血小板聚集和血栓形成方面优于已知的抗缺血性脑卒药物3-n-丁基苯酞(NBP)。在此,合成了ZJM-289的两种对映体,即(S)-ZJM-289和(R)-ZJM-289,并对其生物活性进行了评估。观察到这两种对映体在抑制体外血小板聚集和体内血栓形成方面几乎与ZJM-289同样有效。此外,与ZJM-289类似,其对映体能够调节血栓素B2(TXB2)和6-酮前列腺素F1α的比例,并增强一氧化氮(NO)、cAMP和cGMP的水平,这表明对映体和ZJM-289的抗血小板和抗血栓活性与花生四烯酸级联反应和cGMP-NO信号通路有关。进一步发现,口服对映体和ZJM-289三天显著减少了脑缺血再灌注后大鼠的脑梗死面积、脑含水量和神经功能缺损。重要的是,这两种对映体同样改善了缺血性脑卒模型中的血流,并通过释放适度的NO来调节内皮功能,这可能至少部分地促使其神经保护作用。总之,本研究表明,两种对映体在抑制血小板聚集和血栓形成以及神经保护方面与ZJM-289同样强效,并且在某些情况下,(S)-ZJM-289显示出比(R)-ZJM-289和ZJM-289更好的效果。这些发现可能为开发类似于ZJM-289的治疗血栓相关缺血性脑卒的药物提供新的见解。