磷酸铁锂 | 15365-14-7

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 磷化物、金属的磷酸、偏磷酸、次磷酸和焦磷酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 磷酸铁锂
• 中文别名: 磷酸锂铁
• 英文名称: lithium iron(II) phosphate
• 英文别名: lithium iron phosphate；triphylite；lithium;iron(2+);phosphate
• CAS: 15365-14-7
• 化学式: Fe*Li*O₄P
• 分子量: 157.759
• InChiKey: GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K

物化性质

• 熔点：
  >300 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  1.523 g/cm3

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -5.82
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  86.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

安全信息

• 储存条件：
  存放于惰性气体中，并避免接触湿气（吸湿）。

SDS

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SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking
Product identifiers
Product name : Lithium iron(II) phosphate
REACH No. : A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance
or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not
require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later
registration deadline.
CAS-No. : 15365-14-7
Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances

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SECTION 2: Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to EC-directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC.
Label elements
The product does not need to be labelled in accordance with EC directives or respective national laws.
Other hazards - none

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SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients
Substances
Synonyms : Ferrous lithium phosphate
Iron lithium phosphate
Triphylite
LFP
Formula : LiFePO4
Molecular Weight : 157,76 g/mol
CAS-No. : 15365-14-7
No components need to be disclosed according to the applicable regulations.

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SECTION 4: First aid measures
Description of first aid measures
If inhaled
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
In case of skin contact
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
In case of eye contact
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
If swallowed
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed
The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2) and/or in
section 11
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
no data available

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SECTION 5: Firefighting measures
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
no data available
Advice for firefighters
Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.
Further information
no data available

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SECTION 6: Accidental release measures
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
For personal protection see section 8.
Environmental precautions
No special environmental precautions required.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Reference to other sections
For disposal see section 13.

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SECTION 7: Handling and storage
Precautions for safe handling
Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.
For precautions see section 2.2.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Specific end use(s)
A part from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated

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SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection
Control parameters
Components with workplace control parameters
Exposure controls
Appropriate engineering controls
General industrial hygiene practice.
Personal protective equipment
Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards
such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection
Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique
(without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of
contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and
the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Body Protection
Choose body protection in relation to its type, to the concentration and amount of dangerous
substances, and to the specific work-place., The type of protective equipment must be selected
according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection
Respiratory protection is not required. Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired,
use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN 143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and
approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
No special environmental precautions required.

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SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties
Information on basic physical and chemical properties
a) Appearance Form: powder
b) Odour no data available
c) Odour Threshold no data available
d) pH no data available
e) Melting point/freezing Melting point/freezing point: > 300 °C
point
f) Initial boiling point and no data available
boiling range
g) Flash point no data available
h) Evapouration rate no data available
i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available
j) Upper/lower no data available
flammability or
explosive limits
k) Vapour pressure no data available
l) Vapour density no data available
m) Relative density no data available
n) Water solubility no data available
o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available
octanol/water
p) Auto-ignition no data available
temperature
q) Decomposition no data available
temperature
r) Viscosity no data available
s) Explosive properties no data available
t) Oxidizing properties no data available
Other safety information
no data available

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SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity
Reactivity
no data available
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
no data available
Conditions to avoid
no data available
Incompatible materials
Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous decomposition products
Other decomposition products - no data available
In the event of fire: see section 5

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SECTION 11: Toxicological information
Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity
no data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/eye irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitisation
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as
probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC.
Reproductive toxicity
no data available
Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
no data available
Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
no data available
Aspiration hazard
no data available
Additional Information
RTECS: Not available
To the best of our knowledge, the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties have not been
thoroughly investigated.

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SECTION 12: Ecological information
Toxicity
no data available
Persistence and degradability
no data available
Bioaccumulative potential
no data available
Mobility in soil
no data available
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not conducted
Other adverse effects
no data available

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SECTION 13: Disposal considerations
Waste treatment methods
Product
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contaminated packaging
Dispose of as unused product.

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SECTION 14: Transport information
UN number
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
UN proper shipping name
ADR/RID: Not dangerous goods
IMDG: Not dangerous goods
IATA: Not dangerous goods
Transport hazard class(es)
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
Packaging group
ADR/RID: - IMDG: - IATA: -
Environmental hazards
ADR/RID: no IMDG Marine pollutant: no IATA: no
Special precautions for user
no data available

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SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION
N/A

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

根据提供的信息，我们可以总结出磷酸铁锂电池的主要特点、应用领域及其优缺点：

主要特点

1. 安全性能优异：具有良好的热稳定性和循环寿命。
2. 成本较低：主要原料（Li, Fe, P）价格便宜。
3. 环保无污染：不含重金属，符合RoHS标准。

应用领域

• 电动汽车与混合动力汽车：作为动力电池使用。
• 电动自行车及摩托车。
• 储能系统：用于家庭、商业和工业级的储能解决方案。
• 便携式电子设备：如笔记本电脑、手机等。

优点

1. 高安全性能（热稳定性好，循环寿命长）。
2. 环保无污染。
3. 成本相对较低。
4. 可以大规模生产。

缺点

1. 低温性能差：在0℃以下的温度下容量保持率低，影响电动汽车的冬季使用。
2. 制备成本高：包括纳米化和碳包覆等复杂工艺增加了制造成本。
3. 产品一致性较差：合成过程复杂，难以保证材料的一致性。
4. 知识产权问题：基础专利由美国德州大学所有，碳包覆技术专利被加拿大人申请。

充电方法

• 建议使用CCCV（恒流-恒压）充电方式。
• 恒流阶段推荐0.3C的电流。
• 在电池电压达到约3.65V后转为恒压充电，直至充电电流降至0.1C或更低时停止充电。

总之，尽管磷酸铁锂电池存在一定的缺点，但由于其出色的循环稳定性和安全性，在许多应用领域中仍然具有重要的地位。随着技术的进步和成本的降低，未来可能克服现有的一些问题，进一步提高市场竞争力。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  磷酸铁锂 在 nitronium tetrafluoborate 作用下， 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 24.0h， 生成 磷酸铁(III)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Electrochemical performance of Na/NaFePO4 sodium-ion batteries with ionic liquid electrolytes

  摘要：

  通过对 LiFePO4 粉末进行化学脱硫，然后对 FePO4 进行电化学钠化，制备出了具有橄榄石晶体结构的高性能 NaFePO4 阴极粉末。这种 IL 电解质具有较高的热稳定性（>400 °C）和不燃性，因此是高安全应用的理想选择。研究了 NaTFSI 浓度（0.1-1.0 M）对 25 °C 和 50 °C 下电池性能的影响。在 0.5 M NaTFSI 加入的 IL 电解质中，NaFePO4 在 50 °C 时的最佳容量为 125 mA h g-1（0.05 C 时）；此外，当充放电速率增加到 1 C 时，可保持 65% 的容量。使用 1 M NaTFSI 嵌合型 IL 电解质，在 50 °C 条件下进行 100 次充放电循环后，电池容量损失率为 13%，而在相同条件下使用有机电解质时，电池容量损失率为 38%。

  DOI：

  10.1039/c3ta15273a
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  磷酸铁(III) 、 lithium acetate dihydrate 在 H₂ 作用下， 以 neat (no solvent) 为溶剂， 生成 磷酸铁锂
  参考文献：
  名称：

  An effective method for preparing uniform carbon coated nano-sized LiFePO4 particles

  摘要：

  In this paper, nano-sized LiFePO4 particles with a uniform carbon coating were produced using FePO4 as the iron source and PVA gel as the carbon source. Due to the special ability of PVA gel to form films readily, after it was mixed with the FePO4 during the ball-milling process, PVA films were formed readily around FePO4. As shown by the TEM results. the PVA films were successfully transformed into a perfect carbon coating around the LiFePO4 during calcination. The Raman spectrum showed the high quality of the obtained carbon layer, and the LiFePO4/C composites exhibited a high capacity and rate capacity retention at the rates of 0.1 C and 20 C. These results are indicative of the advantages of using PVA gel as a carbon source and its contribution to the excellent electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composite nanoparticles. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.electacta.2011.09.053

文献信息

• Rapid Microwave-Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Non-Olivine <i>Cmcm</i> Polymorphs of LiMPO₄ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) at Low Temperature and Pressure
  作者：Gaurav Assat、Arumugam Manthiram

  DOI：10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01787

  日期：2015.10.19

  phosphates, LiMPO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni), have attracted significant research interest over the past two decades as an important class of lithium ion battery cathode materials. However, almost all of the investigations thus far have focused on the olivine polymorph that exists in the orthorhombic Pnma space group. In this study, a distinct orthorhombic but non-olivine polymorph of LiMPO4, described

  锂过渡金属磷酸盐LiMPO 4（M = Mn，Fe，Co和Ni）作为锂离子电池正极材料的重要一类，在过去的二十年中引起了广泛的研究兴趣。但是，到目前为止，几乎所有的研究都集中在正交晶体Pnma空间群中存在的橄榄石多晶型物上。在这项研究中，已合成出一种由Mcm，Mn，Fe，Co和Ni组成的，由CMCm空间群对称性描述的LiMPO 4的正交晶但非橄榄石的多晶型物。其中，的LiMnPO 4在CMCM空间组是首次报告。快速微波辅助溶剂热（MW-ST）加热工艺，以四甘醇（TEG）为溶剂，草酸过渡金属盐为前体，有助于这些材料的合成。峰值反应温度和压力分别低于300°C和30 bar，比以前报道的高压方法（千兆帕斯卡）要低几个数量级。X射线衍射（XRD）证实了CMCm的晶体结构空间群，扫描电子显微照片表明亚微米级的薄片状形态。通过XRD和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）对合成工艺条件进行了优化
• Structural and Surface Modifications of LiFePO[sub 4] Olivine Particles and Their Electrochemical Properties
  作者：Tatsuya Nakamura、Yoshiki Miwa、Mitsuharu Tabuchi、Yoshihiro Yamada

  DOI：10.1149/1.2192732

  日期：——

  significantly altered the electrochemical properties of the olivine cathode: large specific capacity (> 140 mAh/g) and small capacity fading. Although the importance of carbon deposition was confirmed as reported elsewhere, the structural modification effect was also more important than the surface one. The result will contribute to reduce carbon content of LiFePO 4 -based positive electrodes, which is important

  LiFePO 4 基橄榄石化合物是通过通常的陶瓷方法制备的，其中进行了一些修改以提高阴极化合物的导电性。考虑到阴极由电化学活性颗粒和非活性聚合物粘合剂组成，因此采用了两种不同的方法。一是与粒子间传导性的提高有关，二是活性粒子本身导电性的增强。前者是在样品制备过程中通过有机添加剂（芘）的热分解获得的，并用拉曼光谱研究沉淀的碳。通过用 Mn 2+ 部分取代 Fe 2+ 来改善橄榄石的整体电导率，其中空穴被并入价带。这些修改显着改变了橄榄石正极的电化学性能：大比容量（> 140 mAh/g）和小容量衰减。尽管如别处报道的那样证实了碳沉积的重要性，但结构改性效果也比表面效果更重要。结果将有助于降低基于LiFePO 4 的正极的碳含量，这对其实际应用很重要。
• New Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: The 3-D Framework Structures Li3Fe2(XO4)3(X=P, As)
  作者：C. Masquelier、A.K. Padhi、K.S. Nanjundaswamy、J.B. Goodenough

  DOI：10.1006/jssc.1997.7629

  日期：1998.2

  Electrochemical insertion of lithium into four Li3Fe2(XO4)3polymorphs (X=P or As) with 3-D framework structures was carried out in “Li/LiClO4(PC:DME)/cathode” coin cells. Approximately 2 Li per formula unit could be reversibly inserted into the three different structures, which corresponds to the reduction of all Fe3+to Fe2+between 2.5 and 3.5 V vs lithium. The position of the Fe3+/Fe2+redox couple

  在“ Li / LiClO 4（PC：DME）/阴极”硬币电池中，将锂电化学插入到具有3-D骨架结构的四个Li 3 Fe 2（X O 4）3多晶型物（X = P或As）中。每个配方单元大约2 Li可以可逆地插入三个不同的结构中，这对应于2.5至3.5 V的所有Fe 3+相对于Fe 2+相对于锂的还原。Fe 3+ / Fe 2+氧化还原对在锂阳极费米能量下方的位置几乎与结构无关，也与X是否相关= P或As。但是，显然存在（i）Li 3+ x Fe 2（X O 4）3的V cc vs x曲线的形状，以及（ii）充放电速率能力对晶体结构的依赖性。阴极材料。
• Comparison of Metal Ion Dissolutions from Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes
  作者：W. Choi、A. Manthiram

  DOI：10.1149/1.2219710

  日期：——

  the capacity fade mechanisms of manganese spinel oxide cathodes, the amount of metal ion dissolution from various lithium ion battery cathodes (layered, orthorhombic LiMnO 2 , 4 V spinel, 5 V spinel, and olivine) is compared. Orthorhombic LiMnO 2 , layered LiMn 0.8 Cr 0.2 O 2 , and spinel LiMn 2 O 4 containing Mn 3+ exhibit much higher amounts of manganese dissolution irrespective of the structure compared

  为了更好地了解锰尖晶石正极的容量衰减机制，各种锂离子电池正极（层状、正交LiMnO 2 、4 V 尖晶石、5 V 尖晶石和橄榄石）的金属离子溶解量是比较的。与从含有 Mn 4+ 的阴极中发现的总过渡金属离子溶解相比，无论结构如何，斜方晶 LiMnO 2 、层状 LiMn 0.8 Cr 0.2 O 2 和尖晶石 LiMn 2 O 4 都表现出更高的锰溶解量，而与结构无关，例如作为层状 LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 和 5 V 尖晶石 LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 或来自层状 LiCoO 2 和橄榄石 LiFePO 4 。然而，含 Mn 3+ 尖晶石氧化物的锰溶解可显着降低至 LiCoO 2 、LiFePO 4 和 LiMn 1.5 Ni 0 的水平。5 O 4 通过适当的阳离子和阴离子（氟）取代，从而在高温下具有出色的容量保持率。例如，LiMn 1.85 Li
• Optimized Lithium Iron Phosphate for High-Rate Electrochemical Applications
  作者：S. Franger、C. Bourbon、F. Le Cras

  DOI：10.1149/1.1758721

  日期：——

  Structural and electrochemical properties of a new highly rechargeable lithium iron phosphate are described here, Its behavior as cathodic material was also tested in a complete power system based on a nanocrystalline Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode and a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte (1 mol L -1 LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate). This cell operates with a very flat voltage profile at around 2

  本文描述了一种新型高充电磷酸铁锂的结构和电化学性能，还在基于纳米晶 Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 阳极和非水液体电解质（1 mol L - 1 LiPF 6 在碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸二甲酯中）。该电池在 2 V 左右的非常平坦的电压曲线下运行，即使在非常高的速率（4C 或 8C）下循环时容量衰减也很小。这些特点，加上组件的低成本和无毒性，使该系统成为低压电子市场有吸引力且廉价的电源。