胺盐(铵盐)
胺盐是含有一个或多个胺基(-NH2)与酸形成的盐类化合物。其中最常见的是铵盐,即由氨分子中的氮原子上的氢被其他含正电荷的阳离子取代生成的一系列化合物。
化学结构典型的铵盐可以表示为R3N+X-,其中R代表一个或多个烷基或其他有机基团,而X-是一个酸根阴离子。例如,(CH3)4N+Cl-是四甲基铵氯化物的一种常见形式。
制备方法胺盐通常通过将相应的氨与羧酸反应制得,或者从碱金属或碱土金属的相应铵化合物中生成。此外,还可以通过有机合成中的各种反应路径来制备不同的胺盐形式。
物理性质胺盐具有良好的溶解性特点:大部分胺盐溶于水和乙醇等极性溶剂中,但通常不溶于非极性的有机溶剂如己烷或苯。它们的熔点较低,多数在室温附近,且易挥发。
应用领域总之,胺盐是一类广泛存在于自然界及化学工业中的重要化合物,在多个科学和技术应用领域发挥着关键作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-苯基氮杂革盐酸盐 | 4-phenylazepane | 73252-01-4 | C12H17N |
| 4-甲氧基-3-三氟甲基苯胺 | 4-methoxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline | 393-15-7 | C8H8F3NO |
| 4-溴丁基三甲基溴化铵 | (4-bromobutyl)trimethylammonium bromide | 6875-49-6 | Br*C7H17BrN |
| 4-仲丁基苯胺 | 4-sec-butylaniline | 30273-11-1 | C10H15N |
| 4'-氯代新戊酰苯胺 | N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethylpropionamide | 65854-91-3 | C11H14ClNO |
| 3-磺丙基十四烷基二甲基铵 | sulfobetaine 3-14 | 14933-09-6 | C19H41NO3S |
| 3-(三氟甲基)苯基三甲基碘化铵 | N,N,N-trimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzenaminium iodide | 27389-57-7 | C10H13F3N*I |
| 3-(三氟甲基)苯基三甲基溴化铵 | 3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium Bromide | 262608-95-7 | C10H13BrF3N |
| 3-(三氟甲基)苯基三甲基氢氧化铵 | MethPrep I | 68254-41-1 | C10H13F3N*HO |
| 3-(三氟甲基)双环[1.1.1]戊-1-胺盐酸盐 | 3-(trifluoromethyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-amine hydrochloride | 262852-11-9 | C6H8F3N*ClH |
| 2-羟基苯甲酸单铵盐 | ammonium(II) salicylate | 528-94-9 | C7H5O3*H4N |
| 2-溴-3-硝基苯胺 | 2-bromo-3-nitroaniline | 35757-20-1 | C6H5BrN2O2 |
| 2-(环己亚氨基)乙基氯 | 1-(2-chloroethyl)azepane hydrochloride | 26487-67-2 | C8H16ClN*ClH |
| 2,3-二羟基-N,N-二甲基-N-[3-[(1-氧代二十二烷基)氨基]丙基]-1-丙铵氯化物 | Behenamidopropyl-dimethyl-(dihydroxypropyl) ammonium chloride | 136920-10-0 | C30H63N2O3.Cl |
| 2,2-二氟环己胺盐酸盐 | 2,2-difluorocyclohexanamine hydrochloride | 921602-83-7 | C6H11F2N*ClH |
| 1-金刚烷基三甲基氯化铵 | N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantyl ammonium chloride | 128346-46-3 | C13H24N*Cl |
| 1-羧基-1-甲基乙氧基氯化铵 | 2-(aminooxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid hydrochloride | 89766-91-6 | C4H9NO3*ClH |
| 1-(2,3-二甲氧基苯基)-N-甲基甲胺盐酸盐 | 1-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-N-methylmethanamine hydrochloride | 1158741-90-2 | C10H16ClNO2 |
| (氯亚甲基)二甲基氯化铵 | Vilsmeier reagent | 3724-43-4 | C3H7ClN*Cl |
| (S)-1-(4-甲基苯基)乙胺 | (S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine | 27298-98-2 | C9H13N |
| (S)-1-(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)乙胺盐酸盐 | (S)-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl) ethanamine hydrochloride | 1391540-47-8 | C9H10F3NO*ClH |
| (R)-(-)-3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-甲基丙胺 | 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butan-2-amine | 66264-83-3 | C11H17NO |
| (5-溴戊基)三甲基溴化铵 | (5-bromopentyl)trimethylammonium bromide | 15008-33-0 | Br*C8H19BrN |
| (4-氨基-苯基)-磷酸二乙酯 | diethyl (4-aminophenyl)phosphonate | 42822-57-1 | C10H16NO3P |
| (3-羧丙基)三甲基氯化铵 | γ-butyrobetaine hydrochloride | 6249-56-5 | C7H16NO2*Cl |
| (3-甲基吡嗪-2-基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (3-Methylpyrazin-2-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 1523618-20-3 | C6H10ClN3 |
| (3-溴丙基)三甲基溴化铵 | 3-bromo-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium bromide | 3779-42-8 | Br*C6H15BrN |
| (3-氯-2-羟基丙基)十二烷基二甲基氯化铵 | 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride | 41892-01-7 | C17H37ClNO*Cl |
| (2-溴乙基)三甲基溴化铵 | (2-bromoethyl)trimethylammonium bromide | 2758-06-7 | Br*C5H13BrN |
| (2-氨基乙基)三甲基氯化铵盐酸盐 | (2-aminoethyl)trimethylammonium chloride hydrochloride | 3399-67-5 | C5H15N2*ClH*Cl |
| (2-乙酰基-4-甲基戊基)三甲基碘化铵 | 2-acetyl-N,N,N,4-tetramethylpentan-1-aminium iodide | 1069-62-1 | C11H24NO*I |
| (2-(二苯基乙酰氧基)乙基)二乙基甲基溴化铵 | diethyl-(2-diphenylacetoxy-ethyl)-methyl-ammonium; bromide | 6113-04-8 | Br*C21H28NO2 |
| (2,3-二油氧基丙基)三甲基氯化铵 | N-[2,3-dioleoyloxypropyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride | 132172-61-3 | C42H80NO4*Cl |
| (1-丁基)三乙基溴化铵 | (1-butyl)triethylammonium bromide | 13028-69-8 | Br*C10H24N |
| —— | 1,2-Benzenediamine, 3,6-dibromo-, hydrochloride (1:2) | 1632286-10-2 | C6H7Br2ClN2 |
| —— | benzyl-trimethyl-ammonium; hydrogenmeta silicate | 100-85-6 | C10H16N*HO*O2Si |
| —— | Tetraethylammonium tetrachloro-manganat(II) | 56-34-8 | C8H20N*Cl*Cl2Mn |
| —— | dimethyl dipropyl ammonium bromide | 52509-52-1 | Br*C8H20N |
| —— | Dimethyldipropylammonium Hydroxide | 836597-65-0 | C8H21NO |
| —— | Tetrahexylammonium hydrogen sulphate | 32503-34-7 | C24H52NO4S- |
| —— | Nonanoate;tris(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium | 10246-68-1 | C15H33NO5 |
| —— | 2-Propenoic acid, 2-phosphonoxy-, tricyclohexylammonium salt | 35556-70-8 | C15H28NO18P3 |
| —— | Ethylbis(3-phenylpropyl)ammonium chloride | 5982-87-6 | C20H28ClN |
| —— | Cyclohexyl-trimethyl-ammonium | 25728-39-6 | C9H20N |
| —— | Tetrabutylammonium borohydride | 33725-74-5 | C16H36BN |
| —— | Tetrapropylammonium perruthenate | 114615-82-6 | C12H35NO4Ru |
| —— | phenyl-trimethyl-ammonium perbromide | 4207-56-1 | Br*Br2*C9H14N |
| —— | Benzenaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, (tribromide) | 4207-56-1 | C9H14Br3N-2 |
| —— | (4-methoxycyclohexyl)methanamine | 1228838-74-1 | C8H17NO |
| —— | Benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;triiodide | 111865-47-5 | C10H16I3N |