抗变态反应药
变态反应是机体受到细菌、病毒、寄生虫或花粉等抗原性物质刺激后引起的组织损伤或生理功能紊乱，这属于异常的或病理性的免疫反应。用于防治这类疾病的药物被称为抗变态反应药，也即抗过敏药。这类药物主要包括以下几类：
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抗组胺药：主要是组胺H1受体拮抗剂，如异丙嗪和苯海拉明等。这些药物通过与效应细胞上的组胺H1受体竞争结合，使组胺无法与其受体结合，从而抑制其引起过敏反应的作用。此外，组胺脱羧抑制剂也属于这一类。
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过敏反应介质阻释剂：这类药物能够稳定肥大细胞膜，阻止组胺及其相关的过敏反应介质（如慢反应物质缓激肽等）的释放。例如色甘酸钠即属于此类药物。
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其他抗变态反应药：包括钙盐（如氯化钙和葡萄糖酸钙）、脱敏制剂（例如用于粉尘螨的注射液），以及糖皮质激素（如泼尼松等）。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氨来诺 | amlexanox | 68302-57-8 | C16H14N2O4 |
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| 比拉斯汀 | Bilastine | 202189-78-4 | C28H37N3O3 |
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| 柠檬酸苯托沙敏 | phenyltoloxamine dihydrogen citrate | 1176-08-5 | C6H8O7*C17H21NO |
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| 松齐拉敏 | thonzylamine | 91-85-0 | C16H22N4O |
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| 曲普立定 | triprolidine | 486-12-4 | C19H22N2 |
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| 曲尼司特 | N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)anthranilic acid | 53902-12-8 | C18H17NO5 |
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| 曲吡那敏 | tripelennamine | 91-81-6 | C16H21N3 |
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| 托普帕敏 | 1-[3-(4-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropyl]-N,N-dimethylamine | 5632-44-0 | C18H23N |
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| 扑尔敏 | chlorphenamine maleate | 113-92-8 | C4H3O4*C16H20ClN2 |
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| 扎鲁司特 | ZAFIRLUKAST | 107753-78-6 | C31H33N3O6S |
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| 异丙嗪 | Promethazine | 60-87-7 | C17H20N2S |
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| 异丁嗪 | Alimemazine | 84-96-8 | C18H22N2S |
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| 异丁司特 | ibudilast | 50847-11-5 | C14H18N2O |
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| 左卡巴司丁 | (3S,4R)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid,hydrochloride | 79516-68-0 | C26H29FN2O2 |
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| 富马酸酮替芬 | ketotifen fumarate | 34580-14-8 | C4H4O4*C19H19NOS |
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| 富马酸氯马斯汀 | clemestine | 15686-51-8 | C21H26ClNO |
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| 富马酸氯马斯汀 | Clemastine fumarate | 14976-57-9 | C4H4O4*C21H26ClNO |
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| 奥洛他定 | olopatadine | 113806-05-6 | C21H23NO3 |
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| 奥沙米特 | oxatomide | 60607-34-3 | C27H30N4O |
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| 多西拉敏 | doxylamine | 469-21-6 | C17H22N2O |
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| 地氯雷他定 | descarboethoxyloratadine | 100643-71-8 | C19H19ClN2 |
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| 噻拉米特 | tiaramide | 32527-55-2 | C15H18ClN3O3S |
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| 咳平 盐酸盐 | Cloperastine hydrochloride | 14984-68-0 | C20H24ClNO*ClH |
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| 吡拉明马来酸盐 | mepyramine maleate | 59-33-6 | C4H3O4*C17H24N3O |
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| 吡嘧司特钾 | 4H-Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one, 9-methyl-3-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-, potassium salt (1:1) | 100299-08-9 | C10H8KN6O |
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| 吡嘧司特 | pemirolast | 69372-19-6 | C10H8N6O |
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| 吡咯咪唑 | clemizole | 442-52-4 | C19H20ClN3 |
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| 右溴苯那敏 | Dexbrompheniramine | 132-21-8 | C16H19BrN2 |
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| 右扑尔敏 | dexchlorpheniramine | 25523-97-1 | C16H19ClN2 |
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| 去氯羟嗪 | 4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]piperazine | 3733-63-9 | C21H28N2O2 |
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| 卡巴斯汀 | (3S,4R)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidin-1-ium-4-carboxylate | 79516-68-0 | C26H29FN2O2 |
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| 依巴斯汀 | ebastine | 90729-43-4 | C32H39NO2 |
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| 依匹斯汀盐酸盐 | epinastine hydrochloride | 108929-04-0 | C16H15N3*ClH |
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| 依匹斯汀 | epinastine | 80012-43-7 | C16H15N3 |
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| 二甲茚定 | Dimetindene | 5636-83-9 | C20H24N2 |
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| 二甲替嗪 | dimethothiazin | 7456-24-8 | C19H25N3O2S2 |
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| 乙异丁嗪 | N-<3-(2-ethyl-10H-10-phenothiazinyl)-2-methylpropyl>-N,N-dimethylamine | 523-54-6 | C20H26N2S |
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| 丙酰马嗪 | propiomazine | 362-29-8 | C20H24N2OS |
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| 丁夫罗林 | 6-butyl-1,4,7,10-tetrahydro-4,10-dioxo-1,7-phenathroline-2,8-dicarboxylic acid | 54867-56-0 | C18H16N2O6 |
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| N,N-二甲基-2-(二苯甲氧基)乙胺柠檬酸盐 | diphenhydramine citrate | 88637-37-0 | C6H8O7*C17H21NO |
|
| 6,11-二氢-11-(1-甲基-4-哌啶亚基)-5H-苯并[5,6]环庚烷并[1,2-b]吡啶 | azatadine | 3964-81-6 | C20H22N2 |
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| 4-[(4-氯苯基)甲基]-2-(1-甲基氮杂环庚-4-基)酞嗪-1-酮盐酸盐 | azelastine hydrochloride | 79307-93-0 | C22H24ClN3O*ClH |
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| 2-[2-[1-(4-氯苯基)-1-苯基-乙氧基]乙基]-1-甲基吡咯烷 | Clemastine | 7723-51-5 | C21H26ClNO |
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| 2-(2-丙氧苯基)-8-氮杂次黄嘌呤 | zaprinast | 37762-06-4 | C13H13N5O2 |
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| 1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐 | 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate | 433337-11-2 | C11H13F6N2P |
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| 1-[(4-氯苯基)苄基]-4-[(m-甲苯基)甲基]哌嗪盐酸盐 | Meclizine dihydrochloride | 1104-22-9 | C25H27ClN2*2ClH |
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| (S)-氮卓斯汀盐酸盐 | (S)-Azelastine Hydrochloride | 153408-27-6 | C22H25Cl2N3O |
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| —— | 2-[(E)-3-(3-Methoxy-4-propoxy-phenyl)-acryloylamino]-benzoic acid | 53902-17-3 | C20H21NO5 |
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| —— | 1-[10-(2-dimethylamino-propyl)-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazin-2-yl]-propan-1-one; radical cation | 362-29-8 | C20H24N2OS |
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| —— | azelastine hydrochloride | 79307-93-0 | C22H26ClN3O*ClH |
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