1,2,3,4,6,7,8-七氯二苯并-对-二恶英 | 35822-46-9

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 苯并二恶英
• 中文名称: 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-七氯二苯并-对-二恶英
• 英文名称: HpCDD 1234678
• 英文别名: 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin
• CAS: 35822-46-9；37871-00-4
• 化学式: C₁₂HCl₇O₂
• 分子量: 425.31
• InChiKey: WCLNVRQZUKYVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  265°C
• 沸点：
  506.1°C (rough estimate)
• 密度：
  1.8860 (estimate)
• 溶解度：
  氯仿（微量溶解）、DMF（微溶，加热）
• 物理描述：
  1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin is an off-white powder. Insoluble in water. (NTP, 1992)
• 蒸汽压力：
  6.48e-11 mmHg
• 保留指数：
  2971

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  7.5
• 重原子数：
  21
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  3.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  18.5
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英的亚慢性暴露效果在大鼠身上进行了为期13周的检测。雄性Fischer 344大鼠通过灌胃处理，每次剂量为50微克/千克（14）C标记的八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英，分别处理10、20、40或65次（每周5天，每天一次），在最后一次暴露后的第3天处死。肝脏积累与几种生化参数的改变有关。在处理了65次的大鼠中，乙氧基还原素-O-脱乙基酶活性比对照组增加了40倍；总细胞色素p450含量加倍，并且在还原血红素蛋白-CO复合物的Soret最大值处出现了2纳米的蓝移。细胞色素p450c和细胞色素p450d显著增加，而细胞色素p450b水平未改变。肝脏中存在的几乎所有二恶英同类物都是由八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英代表，还有少量七氯代二恶英存在。研究结论是，亚慢性八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英暴露引起的毒性效果与其他二恶英观察到的效果相似，但毒性远低于2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并-p-二恶英。/八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英/

The effects of subchronic octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure was examined in rats over a 13 wk period. Male Fischer 344 rats were treated with 50 ug/kg (14)C labeled octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by gavage for 10, 20, 40, or 65 doses (once per day 5 days per wk) and sacrificed 3 days postexposure. Hepatic accumulation was associated with alterations of several biochemical parameters. In animals treated 65 times, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was elevated 40 fold over controls; total cytochrome p450 content doubled and exhibited a 2 nanometer blue shift in the Soret maximum for the reduced hemoprotein-CO complex. Cytochrome p450c and cytochrome p450d were significantly increased, while cytochrome p450b levels were unaltered. Nearly all the dioxin congeners present in liver were represented by octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, with a slight amount ofheptachlorinated dioxin present. It was concluded that subchronic octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure causes toxic effects similar to those observed with other dioxins, but with far less potency than 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. /Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

CDDs通过口服、吸入和皮肤接触途径被吸收。CDDs通过血清脂质和脂蛋白在血浆中携带，主要分布到肝脏和脂肪组织。CDDs通过微粒体单加氧酶系统非常缓慢地代谢为极性代谢物，这些代谢物可以与葡萄糖醛酸和谷胱甘肽结合。它们可能通过诱导I相和II相酶来增加自己的代谢速率。CDDs的主要排泄途径是胆汁和粪便，尽管也有少量通过尿液和哺乳排出。

CDDs are absorbed through oral, inhalation, and dermal routes of exposure. CDDs are carried in the plasma by serum lipids and lipoproteins, distributing mainly to the liver and adipose tissue. CDDs are very slowly metabolized by the microsomal monooxygenase system to polar metabolites that can undergo conjugation with glucuronic acid and glutathione. They may increase the rate of their own metabolism by inducing both phase I and phase II enzymes. The major routes of excretion of CDDs are the bile and the faeces, though smaller amounts are excreted in the urine and via lactation. (L177)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

CDDs通过结合芳基烃受体并随后改变某些基因的转录来产生其毒性作用。对Ah受体的亲和力取决于特定CDD的结构。基因表达的改变可能源于Ah受体及其异二聚体形成伙伴芳基烃受体核移位子的直接相互作用，以及基因调控元件的启动或随后激活其他转录因子的磷酸化/脱磷酸化级联。受影响的基因包括几个癌基因、生长因子、受体、激素和药物代谢酶。这些基因的转录/翻译改变被认为是CDDs大多数毒性作用的原因。

CDDs cause their toxic effects by binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and subsequently altering the transcription of certain genes. The affinity for the Ah receptor depends on the structure of the specific CDD. The change in gene expression may result from the direct interaction of the Ah receptor and its heterodimer-forming partner, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, with gene regulatory elements or the initiation of a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cascade that subsequently activates other transcription factors. The affected genes include several oncogenes, growth factors, receptors, hormones, and drug-metabolizing enzymes. The change in transcription/translation of these genes is believed to be the cause of most of the toxic effects of CDDs. (L177)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

致癌性分类：1）人类证据：无数据；2）动物证据：不足。对人类致癌风险的总体评估为第3组：该物质对人类致癌性不可分类。/除TCDD外的氯代二噁英；来自表格/

Classification of carcinogenicity: 1) evidence in humans: no data; 2) evidence in animals: insufficient. Overall summary evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans is Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. /Chlorinated dibenzodioxins (other than TCDD); from table/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

3, 无法归类其对人类致癌性的类别。(L135)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

接触大量氯丹类化合物（CDDs）会导致氯痤疮，这是一种严重的皮肤疾病，其特点是在面部和上半身出现类似粉刺的损伤。CDDs还可能引起肝脏损伤，并导致长期的葡萄糖代谢改变和激素水平的微妙变化。此外，研究还表明CDDs可能会干扰内分泌系统，削弱免疫系统，以及造成生殖损害和出生缺陷、中枢和周围神经系统的病理变化、甲状腺疾病、子宫内膜异位症和糖尿病。(L177, L178)

Exposure to large amounts of CDDs causes chloracne, a severe skin disease with acne-like lesions that occur mainly on the face and upper body. CDDs may also cause liver damage and induce long-term alterations in glucose metabolism and subtle changes in hormonal levels. In addition, studies have shown that CDDs may disrupt the endocrine system and weaken the immune system, as well as cause reproductive damage and birth defects, central and peripheral nervous system pathology, thyroid disorders, endometriosis, and diabetes. (L177, L178)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L177）；吸入（L177）；皮肤（L177）

Oral (L177) ; inhalation(L177) ; dermal (L177)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠连续21天每日服用含有12.6皮克（35）S-巯基-七氯代二苯并-p-二恶英的100微克八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英后，放射性物质主要在粪便和尿液中回收，摄入的放射性剂量百分比分别为93（+/-6）和5.2（+/-0.8）%。高粪便排泄表明吸收不良。放射性体内负荷中，有50%包含在肝脏中。微粒体部分含有肝脏放射性活性的96.3（+/-8.2）%。

After 21 daily doses of 100 ug octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin containing 12.6 picograms (35)S-thio-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to male Sprague-Dawley rats, the radioactivity was mainly recovered in the feces and urine, the percentages of the ingested radioactive doses being 93 (+ or - 6) and 5.2 (+ or - 0.8)% respectively. The high fecal excretion suggests poor absorption. Of the radioactive body burden, 50% was contained in the liver. The microsomal fractioncontained 96.3 (+ or - 8.2)% of the hepatic radioactivity.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

多氯二苯并-p-二噁英和多氯二苯并呋喃主要储存在脂肪中，但它们也会通过乳汁排出并穿过胎盘。它们也以较低浓度出现在血液和主要器官中。/多氯二苯并-p-二噁英/

The polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and the polychlorinated dibenzofurans are predominantly stored in fat, but they are also excreted in milk and pass the placenta. They also appear in the blood and vital organs at lower concentrations. /Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

一个定义明确的多元氯代二苯并-p-二噁烷和二苯并呋喃的混合物在分娩前11周被皮下注射给一只怀孕的长臂猿猴（Callithrix jacchus）。通过测量出生后1天的新生儿和同一胎的幼崽在哺乳期33天后的浓度，研究了多元氯代二苯并-p-二噁烷和多元氯代二苯并呋喃通过胎盘和母乳的传递。此外，在哺乳期末对母亲不同组织进行了比较测量，此外，还在每组四只成年猴子治疗后1周和6周进行了测量。对于大多数2,3,7,8-取代的同系物，多元氯代二苯并-p-二噁烷和多元氯代二苯并呋喃在胎肝中的沉积非常低。观察到2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-p-二噁烷和1,2,3,7,8-五氯二苯并-p-二噁烷的沉积最高。对于所有其他化合物，新生儿出生后不久的肝组织浓度低于成人的十分之一。胎儿肝显然在很大程度上无法积累多元氯代二苯并-p-二噁烷/多元氯代二苯并呋喃。与肝脏相比，新生儿脂肪组织中2,3,7,8-取代的多元氯代二苯并-p-二噁烷/多元氯代二苯并呋喃的浓度至少是成人的三分之一。然而，新生儿脂肪组织中八氯二苯并-p-二噁烷和八氯二苯并呋喃的浓度比成人高三倍。一些2,3,7,8-取代的多元氯代二苯并-p-二噁烷和多元氯代二苯并呋喃通过母乳传递给后代是相当可观的，导致在33天哺乳期结束时哺乳婴儿的肝浓度远高于母体的相应浓度。当比较婴儿和母体的肝浓度时，发现2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-p-二噁烷/呋喃和1,2,3,7,8-五氯二苯并-p-二噁烷在婴儿肝中的浓度是母体的2到4倍。在2,3,7,8-取代的六氯二苯并-p-二噁烷的情况下，哺乳期结束时婴儿和母体的肝浓度在同一范围内。与此相反，与成人肝相比，婴儿肝中八氯二苯并-p-二噁烷的浓度不到十分之一。

A defined mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans was subcutaneously administered to a pregnant marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) 11 wk prior to delivery. Transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans via placenta and mother's milk was investigated by measurement of concn in a newborn 1 day after birth and in an infant of the same litter after a lactation period of 33 days. Furthermore, comparative measurements were performed in different tissues of the mother at the end of the lactation period, and in addition, in two groups of four adult monkeys each 1 and 6 wk after treatment. Deposition of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans into fell liver was very low for most of the 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners. Highest deposition was observed for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. For all other compounds concn in the hepatic tissue of newborn shortly after birth were lower than one tenth of corresponding concn in adults. Fetal liver isapparently largely unable to accumulate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans. In contrast to liver, concn of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans in adipose tissue of the newborn were at least one third of the levels in adults. However, concn of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and octachlorodibenzofuran were about three times higher in the newborn than in adult adipose tissue. Transfer of some of the 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans to the offspring via mother's milk was considerable, leading to hepatic concn in the suckled infant at the end of the 33-day nursing period well above corresponding concn in the dam. When hepatic concn in the infant and dam were compared 2- to 4-fold higher concn were found in the infant's liver for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. In the case of the 2,3,7,8-substituted hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins, hepatic concn in the infant and dam were in the same range at the end of the suckling period. In contrast to this, less than one tenth the concn of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was found in the infant's liver when compared with adult liver. /Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

对11名死于癌症的患者进行了2,3,7,8-氯代二苯并-p-二恶英的组织分布研究。每个器官和组织中八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英的浓度是最高的，而七氯代二苯并-p-二恶英的浓度也相对较高，仅次于八氯代二苯并-p-二恶英。1,2,3,7,8-五氯代二苯并-p-二恶英和1,2,3,6,7,8-六氯代二苯并-p-二恶英在脾脏中的水平是最高的。2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并-p-二恶英也被检测到，其浓度在性腺中最高（范围为0.8-3.2皮克/克）。从2,3,7,8-四氯代二苯并-p-二恶英的毒性当量计算中，最高的当量值来自于一名54岁的死于癌性甲状腺肿的女性。这位个体在11名患者中具有最高的2,3,7,8-取代的五氯和六氯代二苯并-p-二恶英浓度。/七氯代二苯并-p-二恶英/

The tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins was conducted in 11 patients who died of cancer. The concn of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was the highest in each organ and tissue and heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins was also found at relatively high levels, second only to octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The levels of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins in the spleen were the highest, respectively. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins was also detected and its concn was the highest in the gonad (0.8-3.2 picogram/g range). From the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent calculations, the highest equivalent value was obtained from a 54-year old female who died of cancerous goiter. This individual had the highest concn of 2,3,7,8-substituted penta- and hexa-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxinss among the 11 patients. /Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 海关编码：
  2932999060
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 2811

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  五氯酚 在 氧气 作用下， 生成 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-七氯二苯并-对-二恶英
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Estimation of dioxin emission from fires in chemicals

  摘要：

  The formation of the 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs during combustion of selected chemicals were measured by high-resolution GC/MS. The 16 chemicals studied were commonly used chlorinated pesticides, industrial chemicals, and PVC. In a series of experiments carried out in a DIN 53,436 furnace, 2.5 g of these compounds were burned at 500 degrees C and 900 degrees C, respectively. The resultant yields ranged from 740 ng ITEQ/g for pentachlorophenol, to below 0.01 ng ITEQ/g for PVC and dichlobenil. The results show that some chemicals generate PCDD/F in very high possibly dangerous - amounts during burning, whereas others generate insignificant amounts. The influence of scale were studied for chlorobenzene and 4-chloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid in additional experiments, carried out in a cone calorimeter burning 20 g substance, and in ISO 9705 room test burning about 50 kg. A good agreement between the results for large and small scale indicated that formation of PCCD/F during a fire may be estimated from laboratory experiments. This suggest laboratory test may be used to screen for chemicals posing a hazard for release of PCDD/F during fires. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00231-3

文献信息

• On Dioxin Formation in Iron Ore Sintering
  作者：Mariusz K. Cieplik、Jose Pastor Carbonell、Christina Muñoz、Sarah Baker、Sophie Krüger、Per Liljelind、Stellan Marklund、Robert Louw

  DOI：10.1021/es026292g

  日期：2003.8.1

  sintering facility could satisfactorily imitate the large-scale process, in part or as a whole. Results obtained with realistic feed mixtures point at dioxin formation in the sinter bed at levels significant enough to explain a major part of the outputs observed in the real-life process. With approximately 8 ppm (wt) of chloride added as NaCl, the PCDD/F output doubled, but with the same proportion of

  铁矿石烧结是“二恶英”，多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD / Fs）的重要来源。本文报道了尝试确定造成PCDD / F形成的材料，条件和机理的尝试（i）通过研究矿石的显着特性（即关于模型有机物的氧化，冷凝和氯化），以及（ii）使用现实生活的材料在微观尺度上模拟工业过程。采用实验设计原理（DOE）。铁矿石的反应性差异很大。褐铁矿/针铁矿“软”矿石是一种非常活泼的氧化催化剂（例如，用于苯和苯酚），该特性可用于清除粗烧结工艺废气，而赤铁矿/磁铁矿“硬”矿石则不是。后者，但是强烈促进苯酚缩合为二苯并呋喃。新建的实验室级微型烧结设备可以部分或整体令人满意地模仿大规模过程。用实际的进料混合物获得的结果表明，在烧结床中二恶英的形成水平足以说明在现实生活中观察到的大部分产出。通过添加约8 ppm（wt）的氯化物作为NaCl，PCDD / F的产量增加了一倍，但是在氯的施用比例与C2Cl4相同的情况
• PCDD/DF formations by the heterogeneous thermal reactions of phenols and their TiO2 photocatalytic degradation by batch-recycle system
  作者：Hajime Muto、Koki Saitoh、Hitoshi Funayama

  DOI：10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00552-x

  日期：2001.10

  and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) formation by the thermal reactions of phenols with CuCl2 under oxygen flux were carried out in relation to their formation mechanisms. To evaluate the effect of photocatalytic degradation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film prepared by the sol-gel method, the photocatalysis of PCDD/DFs in acetonitrile/water solution by batch-recycle system was conducted. For the thermal reaction

  就酚类与CuCl2在氧通量下的热反应，进行了多氯代二苯并二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD / DFs）的形成机理的研究。为了评价溶胶-凝胶法制备的二氧化钛（TiO2）薄膜的光催化降解效果，采用间歇循环系统对PCDD / DFs在乙腈/水溶液中的光催化性能进行了研究。对于2,4,5-三氯苯酚（2,4,5-TCP）和CuCl2的粉末混合物的热反应系统，总PCDD /的形成速率为8.1 microg / g-2,4,5-TCP / min PCDDs的DFs和6.9 microg / g-2,4,5-TCP / min，与苯酚蒸气/氧气/ CuCl2粉末系统相比，PCDD / DF的总速率高出约40倍。对于2,4,5-TCP的系统，PCDDs主要是通过邻苯氧酚（POP）中间体通过2,4,5-三氯苯酚的缩合反应形成的。对于PCDD / DF光催化降解，大多数PCDD同系物会快速分解，并且在辐照后24小时使用由2
• Copper-catalyzed chlorination and condensation of acetylene and dichloroacetylene
  作者：Philip H. Taylor、Andreas Wehrmeier、Sukh S. Sidhu、Dieter Lenoir、K.-W. Schramm、A. Kettrup

  DOI：10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00272-6

  日期：2000.6

  The chlorination and condensation of acetylene at low temperatures is demonstrated using copper chlorides as chlorinated agents coated to model borosilicate surfaces. Experiments with and without both a chlorine source and borosilicate surfaces indicate the absence of gas-phase and gas-surface reactions. Chlorination and condensation occur only in the presence of the copper catalyst. C2 through C8

  使用氯化铜作为模拟硼硅酸盐表面的氯化剂，证明了乙炔在低温下的氯化和缩合。在有和没有氯源和硼硅酸盐表面的情况下进行的实验表明，没有气相和气相表面反应。氯化和缩合仅在铜催化剂存在下发生。在废水中观察到C2至C8有机产物。仅从提取硼硅酸盐表面观察到PCDD / F。提出了与观察到的产物分布一致的全局反应模型。用二氯乙炔进行的类似实验表明，在不存在铜催化剂的情况下，反应性更高。在低温下在气相中和在存在硼硅酸盐表面的情况下观察到反应。仅在铜催化剂存在下观察到六氯苯的形成。仅从提取硼硅酸盐表面观察到PCDD / F。提出了一种由二氯乙炔形成六氯苯的整体反应模型。
• Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from catalytic and thermal oxidizers burning dilute chlorinated vapors
  作者：John R. Hart

  DOI：10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.017

  日期：2004.3

  (ng/dscm)=8.4 exp(-0.0084T degrees C); (2) dioxin/furan production occurs at the combustion catalyst; (3) small variations in temperature cause large changes in the congener distribution of the dioxin and furan isomers; (4) molar TEQ yields from the parent compounds fed to the oxidizers are very small (10(-9)-10(-13)); (5) catalytic and thermal oxidizers may destroy dioxins fed from the ambient air; and (6)

  通过对低（几至几百）百万分之一的氯化和非氯化挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的氧化进行的57次现场测试，发现了多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（二恶英）的排放。在使用铂，铂/钯或铬（IV）氧化物燃烧催化剂的催化氧化剂中，或在热氧化剂（无催化剂）中发生氧化。催化剂入口温度为293至573摄氏度。热氧化剂的运行温度（火焰后）为773至927摄氏度。报告了有毒的二恶英和呋喃异构体的数据，并进行了加权和表示为国际有毒当量（ 2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-对-二恶英的TEQ）。最大烟囱排放为1.07 ng / m3 TEQ，发生在293摄氏度。该现场研究的主要结果是：（1）堆中的TEQ水平随工作温度的降低而呈指数增长，经验公式为TEQ（ng / dscm）= 8.4 exp（-0.0084T摄氏度）; （2）在燃烧催化剂处产生二恶英/呋喃；（3）温度的微小变化会导致二恶英和呋喃异构体的同类物分布发生较大变化；
• Emission Factors and Importance of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PCNs, PAHs and PM₁₀ from the Domestic Burning of Coal and Wood in the U.K.
  作者：Robert G. M. Lee、Peter Coleman、Joanne L. Jones、Kevin C. Jones、Rainer Lohmann

  DOI：10.1021/es048745i

  日期：2005.3.1

  fuels. However, their combined emissions from the domestic burning of coal and wood would contribute only a few percent to annual U.K. emission estimates. Emissions of PAHs and PM10 were major contributors to U.K. national emission inventories. Major emissions were found from the domestic burning for Cl1,2,3DFs, while the contribution of PCDD/F-sigmaTEQ to total U.K. emissions was minor.

  本文介绍了当煤和木材经过受控燃烧实验时针对一系列持久性有机污染物（POPs）得出的排放因子（EFs），旨在模拟空间供暖的家庭燃烧。排放了各种各样的持久性有机污染物，煤炭的排放量高于木材的排放量。对于颗粒物，PM10（大约10 g / kg燃料）和多环芳烃（对于sigmaPAHs大约100 mg / kg燃料）获得了最高的EF。对于氯化物，多氯联苯（PCB）的EF最高，而多氯萘（PCN），二苯并-对-二恶英（PCDD）和二苯并呋喃（PCDF）的丰度较低。对于sigmaPCB，EF大约为1000 ng / kg燃料，对于sigmaPCNs大约为100s ng / kg燃料，对于sigmaPCDD / Fs大约为100 ng / kg燃料。该研究证实，一氯化至三氯化二苯并呋喃Cl1,2,3DFs是低温燃烧过程（如煤炭和木材的国内燃烧）的有力指标。结论是，在固体燃料燃烧期间通常形成许多PCB和PC