毒理性
鉴定和使用：氯氧化锆是一种白色固体。它用于制造其他锆化合物；沉淀酸性染料；制备高质量的颜料调色剂；作为防水剂、化学试剂以及油田酸化助剂。它还曾被用于制备身体除臭剂和抗汗渍制剂。
人类暴露和毒性：摄入氯氧化锆引起的急性中毒表现以下症状：口腔和喉咙灼痛，呕吐，水样或血性腹泻，里急后重，干呕，溶血，血尿，无尿，肝脏损伤伴黄疸，抽搐，低血压，和衰竭。通过其水解生成盐酸，氯氧化锆在暴露时可以刺激呼吸道和身体其他表面。
动物研究：氯氧化锆具有相对较低的急性毒性（大鼠口服LD50为3500 mg/kg，大鼠腹腔注射LD50为400 mg/kg，大鼠皮下注射LD50为1227 mg/kg，小鼠腹腔注射LD50为335 mg/kg）。在兔子和猫的平滑肌和横纹肌上暴露于纯氯氧化锆，表明在1 mM浓度下兔子的正常蠕动作用减慢，但在猫身上的效果不太明显。用林格氏溶液清洗后，这些效果是可逆的。在0.006 mM浓度下，氯氧化锆缩短了兔心房和心室的移动幅度并收缩冠状动脉。后一种效果似乎是不可逆的。在雄性小鼠腹腔注射氯氧化锆后研究了Ig M抗体的产生。结论是该化学品可能与体液免疫反应有关，具有类似佐剂的活动。由于锆暴露引起的Ig M抗体产生反应可能取决于注射剂量与排泄金属的能力之间的生理平衡。研究了单次口服暴露于不同浓度氯氧化锆对小鼠骨髓染色体的影响。结果表明，该金属可能在低于预期的浓度下刺激淋巴细胞分裂。这些单次剂量暴露显著增加了异常中期细胞的频率。在所有浓度下，两性的总异常百分比均有所增加。增加的程度与使用的浓度直接相关。总的来说，雌性产生的异常比雄性相对较高。沙门氏菌/哺乳动物微体试验（TA 97, TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537, 和 TA 100）表明氯氧化锆在有无活化情况下均为阴性。
生态毒性研究：氯氧化锆在相当低的浓度（100 ppm）和pH范围为2-11下沉淀磷酸盐并限制藻类生长。在这个浓度下，ZrOCl2似乎对测试的鱼类（Heteropneustes fossilis和Clarius sp.）或藻类（Anabaena doliolum和Chlorella vulgaris）无害。研究了氯氧化锆对Tubifex tubifex的急性毒性，在半静态条件下。Tubifex tubifex暴露于对照和测试化学品，按照对数尺度进行96小时。在96小时暴露后，没有观察到显著的运动能力丧失。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zirconium oxychloride is a white solid. It is used to make other zirconium compounds; to precipitate acid dyes; to prepare high quality pigment toners; as a water repellent, chemical reagent and as an oil-field acidizing aid. It has also been used in preparation of body deodorants and antiperspirant preparations. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Acute poisoning from ingestion of zirconium oxychloride resulted in the following symptoms: burning pain in the mouth and throat, vomiting, watery or bloody diarrhea, tenesmus, retching, hemolysis, hematuria, anuria, liver damage with jaundice, convulsions, hypotension, and collapse. Through its hydrolysis to hydrochloric acid, zirconium oxychloride can irritate the respiratory tract and other superficial surfaces of the body on exposure. ANIMAL STUDIES: Zirconium oxyxhloride has relatively low acute toxicity (LD50 rat oral 3,500 mg/kg, LD50 rat ip 400 mg/kg, LD50 rat sc 1227 mg/kg, LD50 mouse ip 335 mg/kg). Exposure to pure zirconium oxychloride on smooth and striated muscle in rabbits and cats indicated that normal peristaltic action in rabbits was slowed at 1 mM concentration but the effect was less noticeable in cats. The effects were reversible on washing with Ringer's solution. At 0.006 mM concentration, zirconium oxychloride shortened amplitude of movement of auricle and ventricle of rabbit heart and constricted coronary arteries. The latter effect appeared irreversible. Ig M antibody production was studied in male mice ip injected with zirconium oxychloride. It was concluded that the chemical may have an adjuvant like activity in relation to humoral immune response. The response of Ig M antibody production due to zirconium exposure may depend on the physiological balance between the injected dose and the ability to excrete the metal. The effect of a single oral exposure to different concentrations of zirconium oxychloride was studied on bone marrow chromosomes of mice. The findings indicated that the metal may stimulate division in lymphocytes at lower concentrations than expected. These single dose exposures significantly enhanced the frequency of aberrant metaphases. The percentages of total abnormalities were increased in both sexes at all concentrations. The degree of increase was directly related to the concentration used. In general, the abnormalities produced were relatively higher in females than in males. Salmonella/mammalian microsome assay (TA 97, TA 98, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 100) was negative for zirconium oxychloride with or without activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Zirconium oxychloride precipitates phosphate and limits algal growth at fairly low concentrations (100 ppm) at a pH range of 2-11. At this concentration, ZrOCl2 does not seem to be harmful either to the tested fish (Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarius sp.) or algae (Anabaena doliolum and Chlorella vulgaris). The acute toxicity of zirconium oxychloride to Tubifex tubifex was studied under semi-static conditions. Tubifex tubifex were exposed to control and test chemical following a logarithmic scale for 96 hours. No significant immobilization was observed after 96 hours exposure.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
