Porous three-dimensional networks of polyurea and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. In an example, polyurea aerogels are prepared by mixing an triisocyanate with water and a triethylamine to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyurea aerogel. Subjecting the polyurea aerogel to a step of pyrolysis may result in a three dimensional network having a carbon skeleton, yielding a carbon aerogel. The density and morphology of polyurea aerogels can be controlled by varying the amount of isocyanate monomer in the initial reaction mixture. A lower density in the aerogel gives rise to a fibrous morphology, whereas a greater density in the aerogel results in a particulate morphology. Polyurea aerogels described herein may also exhibit a reduced flammability.
本文介绍了多孔三维聚
脲网络和多孔三维碳网络及其制造方法。在一个例子中,聚
脲气凝胶的制备方法是将三
异氰酸酯与
水和
三乙胺混合形成溶胶-凝胶材料,然后超临界干燥溶胶-凝胶材料,形成聚
脲气凝胶。将聚
脲气凝胶置于热解步骤中,可形成具有碳骨架的三维网络,产生碳气凝胶。可以通过改变初始反应混合物中
异氰酸酯单体的量来控制聚
脲气凝胶的密度和形态。气凝胶中的密度越低,其形态越呈纤维状,而气凝胶中的密度越大,其形态越呈颗粒状。本文所述的聚
脲气凝胶还可降低易燃性。