铯-137 | 10045-97-3

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 均相金属化合物 - 均相碱金属化合物
• 中文名称: 铯-137
• 英文名称: Cesium-137
• CAS: 10045-97-3
• 化学式: Cs
• 分子量: 136.907089
• InChiKey: TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.38
• 重原子数：
  1
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

铯可以通过摄入、吸入或皮肤接触被吸收。铯的行为类似于钾，并且均匀分布在整个身体中。来自食物或水的胃肠道吸收是普通人群内部沉积铯的主要来源。实际上，摄入的所有铯都通过肠道吸收进入血液。铯倾向于集中在肌肉中，因为它们的相对质量较大。已经证明铯可以与钾竞争通过钾通道的运输，并且还可以替代钾激活钠泵并随后进入细胞。与钾一样，铯从体内排出相对较快，主要在尿液中。在成人中，10%的铯以2天的生物半衰期排出，其余的以110天的生物半衰期离开身体。这意味着如果某人接触到放射性铯并且移除了暴露源，那么在几个月内，大部分铯会通过正常的钾排泄途径轻易地从体内清除。(L1126' L1850)

Cesium can be absorbed following ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Cesium behaves in a manner similar to potassium and distributes uniformly throughout the body. Gastrointestinal absorption from food or water is the principal source of internally deposited cesium in the general population. Essentially all cesium that is ingested is absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestines. Cesium tends to concentrate in muscles because of their relatively large mass. Cesium has been shown to compete with potassium for transport through potassium channels and can also substitute for potassium in activation of the sodium pump and subsequent transport into the cell. Like potassium, cesium is excreted from the body fairly quickly, mainly in the urine. In an adult, 10% is excreted with a biological half-life of 2 days, and the rest leaves the body with a biological half-life of 110 days. This means that if someone is exposed to radioactive cesium and the source of exposure is removed, much of the cesium will readily clear the body along the normal pathways for potassium excretion within several months. (L1126' L1850)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

高穿透性的伽马射线是外部过度暴露于放射性铯后对组织和内部器官造成损害的主要原因。一旦放射性铯被内部吸收，附近组织的细胞由于受到β粒子的辐射，面临最高的损伤风险。铯-137产生的电离辐射会导致细胞损伤，包括DNA断裂、准确或不准确的修复、细胞凋亡、基因突变、染色体改变和遗传不稳定性。这导致正常细胞和组织的稳态丧失，以及恶性肿瘤的发展。那些不直接损伤DNA的电离辐射可以产生反应性氧中间体，这些中间体直接影响p53的稳定性，p53是细胞周期调节中一个重要的酶，并且通过对DNA中单个碱基的氧化损伤以及在DNA复制过程中的错误配对产生点突变。(L1837, L1850)

Highly penetrating gamma rays are the major cause of damage to tissues and internal organs following external overexposure to radioactive cesium. Once radioactive cesium is taken internally, cells of nearby tissues are at highest risk for damage due to the emission of beta particles. The ionizing radiation produced by cesium-137 causes cellular damage that includes DNA breakage, accurate or inaccurate repair, apoptosis, gene mutations, chromosomal change, and genetic instability. This leads to loss of normal cell and tissue homeostasis, and development of malignancy. Ionizing radiation that does not directly damage DNA can produce reactive oxygen intermediates that directly affect the stability of p53, an important enzyme in cell-cycle regulation, and produce oxidative damage to individual bases in DNA and point mutations by mispairing during DNA replication. (L1837, L1850)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铯-137对人体健康构成外部和内部危害，来自β和γ射线。铯-137是水溶性的，极微小的量就极具毒性。铯-137的放射性可以损伤细胞，并在摄入、吸入或吸收后的10年、20年或30年内导致癌症，前提是有足够的物质进入人体。放射性铯暴露过多可能会导致不良影响，如降低生育能力、异常神经系统发育、基因毒性以及对造血器官的损害。

Cesium-137 presents external as well as internal health hazard, both from beta and gamma radiation. Cesium-137 is water-soluble and extremely toxic in minute amounts. The radioactivity of Cesium-137 can damage cells and cause cancer 10, 20 or 30 years from the time of ingestion, inhalation or absorption, provided sufficient material enters the body. Radioactive cesium overexposure can result in adverse effects such as reduced fertility, abnormal neurological development, genotoxicity, and damage to blood-forming organs(L1111, L1126, L1850)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L1126）；吸入（L1126）

Oral (L1126) ; inhalation (L1126)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

大量的铯可以导致过度兴奋和痉挛。暴露在高剂量的电离辐射下会导致急性辐射综合症，这可能导致皮肤烧伤、脱发、恶心、呕吐、眩晕、定向障碍、低血压、头痛、疲劳、虚弱、发热、出生缺陷、疾病、感染和死亡。

Large amounts of cesium can cause hyperirritability and spasms. Exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation results in acute radiation syndrome, which can cause skin burns, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, low blood pressure, headache, fatigue, weakness, fever, birth defects, illness, infection, and death. (L1837, L1852, L1124, L1850)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  7
• 危险类别：
  7