溴酸镉 | 14518-94-6

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 溴酸镉
• 中文别名: 溴酸镉水合物
• 英文名称: Cadmium bromate
• 英文别名: cadmium(2+);dibromate
• CAS: 14518-94-6
• 化学式: Br2CdO6
• 分子量: 368.22
• InChiKey: VECQEXBULIKSDM-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 0.01 mg/m3; TWA 0.002 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 9 mg/m3
• 稳定性/保质期：

  1. 稳定性
     稳定。

  2. 禁配物
     还原剂、易燃或可燃物、活性金属粉末、硫、磷。

  3. 避免接触的条件
     摩擦、受热。

  4. 聚合危害
     不聚合。

  5. 分解产物
     溴化物、氧化镉。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -7.14
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  114
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

镉可以通过口腔、吸入和皮肤途径被吸收。镉最初与金属硫蛋白和清蛋白结合，并主要输送到肾脏和肝脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用金属硫蛋白的量时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。镉不为人所知地经历任何直接的代谢转化，并以原形排出，主要在尿液中。溴主要通过吸入吸收，但也可以通过皮肤接触进入人体。溴盐可以摄入。由于其活性，溴迅速形成溴化物，并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。（L626, L6）

Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

镉最初与金属硫蛋白结合，并运输到肾脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用金属硫蛋白的浓度时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证实镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。肾脏中镉的积累导致重要低分子量和高分子量蛋白的排泄增加。镉是锌的高亲和力类似物，可以干扰其生物过程。它还与雌激素受体结合并激活它，可能会刺激某些类型的癌细胞生长并导致其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。镉通过激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶导致细胞凋亡。溴是一种强氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧气自由基。这些自由基也是强氧化剂，会产生组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子也被知道会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子在神经递质和传输系统的反应中替代氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。（L626, L627, A543, L8, A18, A19, A28）

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L8, A18, A19, A28)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。(L135)

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期暴露于镉烟雾可能会导致化学性肺炎、肺水肿以及诸如支气管炎和肺气肿等肺部疾病。镉还会在肾脏中积累，造成永久性损害。骨密度也会丧失。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期暴露会产生神经元效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从嗜睡到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理反射、阵挛性惊厥、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、瘫痪、眼乳头水肿、言语异常、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神病的中心反应。溴酸盐也是一种潜在的致癌物。(L625, L626, L627, L6, L638)

Chronic exposure to cadmium fumes can cause chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and lung diseases such as bronchitis and emphysema. Cadmium also accumulates in the kidneys, causing permanent damage. Loss of bone density also occurs. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. Bromate is also a potential carcinogen. (L625, L626, L627, L6, L638)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L6）；吸入（L6）；皮肤给药（L6）

Oral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

急性吸入镉烟尘会导致金属烟雾热，其特点是寒战、发热、头痛、虚弱、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。摄入镉会引起呕吐和腹泻。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损伤。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼部刺激伴有来自口咽和上呼吸道的粘液分泌、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，会导致共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。

Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 安全说明：
  S17,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R20/21/22,R50/53,R8
• 危险品标志：
  C
• 危险品运输编号：
  1450
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1

制备方法与用途

简介

溴酸镉是一种白色晶体或粉末，相对密度为3.76。它在加热至熔点时会分解。该物质能溶于水中而不溶于乙醇。通过向溴酸钡溶液中加入硫酸镉溶液、过滤出硫酸钡沉淀并蒸发结晶，可以制备得到溴酸镉。此外，使用气态氨处理其水溶液可生成溴酸四氨合镉晶体。溴酸镉可用作分析试剂。

应用

CN201010124993.5报道了一种低温水相CdTe量子点制备方法。此方法操作简便、成本低廉且节能环保，具有规模化生产的潜力。该方法使用二硫代氨基甲酸盐作为稳定剂，并以水为溶剂。将镉盐与配体按一定比例混合成溶液后注入碲氢化钠或碲氢化钾的水溶液中，在低温水浴条件下反应一段时间即可得到具有水分散性的CdTe量子点。

水中溶解度 (g/100ml)

每100毫升水中溶解克数：

• 20℃: 125g