基于硫代嘧啶的双膦酸酯被鉴定为人法呢基焦磷酸合酶(hFPPS)的一类新型的含氮双膦酸酯(N-BP)抑制剂。在元素硫的存在下,通过将2-(1-(三甲基甲硅烷基)亚乙基)丙二腈环化成2-氨基-4-(三甲基甲硅烷基)噻吩-3-甲腈来制备类似物。引导本位该中间导致了选择性碘化中C的-iododesilylation β在高效率的硫原子的。所开发的合成方案被用于结构平行的hFPPS的基于硫杂[2,3 - d ]嘧啶-4-胺的双膦酸酯抑制剂的合成。
Thienopyrimidine Bisphosphonate (ThPBP) Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase: Optimization and Characterization of the Mode of Inhibition
摘要:
Human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS) controls the post-translational prenylation of small GTPase proteins that are essential for cell signaling, cell proliferation, and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Inhibition of hFPPS is a clinically validated mechanism for the treatment of lytic bone diseases, including osteoporosis and cancer related bone metastases. A new series of thienopyrimidine-based bisphosphonates (ThP-BPs) were identified that inhibit hFPPS with low nanomolar potency. Crystallographic evidence revealed binding of ThP-BP inhibitors in the allylic subpocket of hFPPS. Simultaneous binding of inorganic pyrophosphate in the IPP subpocket leads to conformational closing of the active site cavity. The ThP-BP analogues are significantly less hydrophilic yet exhibit higher affinity for the bone mineral hydroxyapatite than the current N-BP drug risedronic acid. The antiproliferation properties of a potent ThB-BP analogue was assessed in a multiple myeloma cell line and found to be equipotent to the best current N-BP drugs. Consequently, these compounds represent a new structural class of hFPPS inhibitors and a novel scaffold for the development of human therapeutics.