Predicting Selectivity in Oxidative Addition of C–S Bonds of Substituted Thiophenes to a Platinum(0) Fragment: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
摘要:
Exchange reactions of 2- and 3-cyanothiophene, 2- and 3-methylthiophene, and 2- and 3-methoxythiophene, either with thiophene in the thiaplatinacycle Pt(dippe) (kappa(2)-C,S-C4H4S) or with norbornene in Pt(dippe)(nor)(2), were performed to probe the kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity of the C-S bond activation reactions. Kinetic data were collected by following these reactions by P-31{H-1} NMR spectroscopy. The ground-state energies of the two possible products and the transition-state energies leading to the formation of these products were calculated using density functional theory. The comparison of the predicted selectivities from calculations with the experimentally observed selectivities showed good agreement for thermodynamic selectivity, but only moderate agreement for kinetic selectivity. The reactions with 2-cyanothiophene, 3-cyanothiophene, and 3-methoxythiophene gave kinetic products that were less favored thermodynamically. All of the other substituted thiophenes gave kinetic products that were also preferred thermodynamically. These results indicate that the selectivities seen in the C-S bond activation reactions of substituted thiophenes with the [Pt(dippe)] fragment are initially under kinetic control.
The synthesis and structural properties of [M(dippe)(η2-C4H4S)] complexes of Pd and Pt and comparison with their Ni analog
摘要:
X-ray structural and NMR spectroscopic data for the ring-opened thiophene complexes [Pd(dippe)(T)] (2), and [Pt(dippe)(T)] (3) are now presented. The complex [Ni(dippe)(T)] (1), where T = (eta(2)-C,S-C4H4S), was reported by our group, previously. The structural and bonding properties of complexes 2 and 3 were compared with those of complex 1. DFT calculations were carried out to rationalize their relative stabilities and structural properties. Compound 1 loses thiophene at ambient temperature in solution, while compound 2 decomposes rapidly in both acetone-d(6) and THF-d(8) with k(obs) = 7.15(9) x 10(-5) and 7.7(3) x 10(-5) s(-1), respectively, to give products that varied by solvent. Complex 3 does not lose thiophene at temperatures below 100 degrees C. The Delta G(0) values determined from DFT calculations are consistent with the observed stabilities of the complexes. The single crystal X-ray structures of all three complexes contain a disordered thienyl fragment in the asymmetric unit due to the interchange of the position of sulfur in the metal-inserted thiophenic ring. The thiophenic moiety is relatively flat in 1, 2 and 3, which is attributed to the open ligand environment at the M(dippe) fragment. All three complexes possess square-planar geometry around the metal center and have bond-length alternation among the thiophenic carbons, which indicates double bond localization. The calculated bond lengths are in good agreement with experimental data. Molecular orbital (MO) and natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses were carried out to rationalize the results. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Understanding Selectivity in the Oxidative Addition of the Carbon−Sulfur Bonds of 2-Cyanothiophene to Pt(0)
作者:Tülay A. Ateşin、Abdurrahman Ç. Ateşin、Karlyn Skugrud、William D. Jones
DOI:10.1021/ic702273a
日期:2008.6.2
state energy leading to the formation of the kinetically favored C-Sbondcleavage product is lower by 5.3 kcal mol(-1) than the barrier leading to the thermodynamically favored product. There is a 6.7 kcal mol(-1) difference between these two products. The cyano substituent at the 2- position of thiophene did not substantially change the mechanism involved in the C-Sbondcleavage of thiophene previously