磷酸镍盐(2:3) | 14396-43-1

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 磷化物、金属的磷酸、偏磷酸、次磷酸和焦磷酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 磷酸镍盐(2:3)
• 中文别名: 磷酸镍
• 英文名称: Nickel phosphate
• 英文别名: nickel(2+);diphosphate
• CAS: 14396-43-1；10381-36-9
• 化学式: Ni3O8P2
• 分子量: 366.02
• InChiKey: AFYAQDWVUWAENU-UHFFFAOYSA-H

物化性质

• 熔点：
  decomposes [ALF95]
• 溶解度：
  溶于酸溶液
• 物理描述：
  Liquid

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -5.66
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  173
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  8

ADMET

代谢

镍主要通过肺和胃肠吸收。一旦进入人体，它就会进入血液，在那里与白蛋白、L-组氨酸和_2-巨球蛋白结合。镍倾向于积累在肺、甲状腺、肾脏、心脏和肝脏中。吸收的镍通过尿液排出，而未被吸收的镍则通过粪便排出。(L41)

Nickel is absorbed mainly through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body it enters the bloodstream, where it binds to albumin, L-histidine, and _2-macroglobulin. Nickel tends to accumulate in the lungs, thyroid, kidney, heart, and liver. Absorbed nickel is excreted in the urine, wherease unabsorbed nickel is excreted in the faeces. (L41)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

镍已知可以在某些酶中替代其他必需元素，如钙调神经磷酸酶。它具有基因毒性，一些镍化合物已被证明可以促进细胞增殖。镍对染色质蛋白，特别是组蛋白和精蛋白具有高亲和力。镍离子与异染色质的结合会导致包括浓缩、DNA过度甲基化、基因沉默以及组蛋白乙酰化的抑制等一系列变化，这些变化已被证明会干扰基因表达。镍还被证明可以改变几个转录因子，包括低氧诱导转录因子、激活转录因子和NF-KB转录因子。还有证据表明，镍离子可以抑制DNA修复，要么直接抑制DNA修复酶，要么与锌离子竞争结合锌指DNA结合蛋白，导致DNA结构变化，阻止修复酶的结合。镍离子还可以与许多细胞配体结合，包括氨基酸、肽和蛋白质，从而导致氧自由基的产生，诱导碱基损伤、DNA链断裂和DNA蛋白交联。(L41, A40)

Nickel is known to substitute for other essential elements in certain enzmes, such as calcineurin. It is genotoxic, and some nickel compounds have been shown to promote cell proliferation. Nickel has a high affinity for chromatin proteins, particularly histones and protamines. The complexing of nickel ions with heterochromatin results in a number of alterations including condensation, DNA hypermethylation, gene silencing, and inhibition of histone acetylation, which have been shown to disturb gene expression. Nickel has also been shown to alter several transcription factors, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor, and NF-KB transcription factor. There is also evidence that nickel ions inhibit DNA repair, either by directly inhibiting DNA repair enzymes or competing with zinc ions for binding to zinc-finger DNA binding proteins, resulting in structural changes in DNA that prevent repair enzymes from binding. Nickel ions can also complex with a number of cellular ligands including amino acids, peptides, and proteins resulting in the generation of oxygen radicals, which induce base damage, DNA strand breaks, and DNA protein crosslinks. (L41, A40)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

镍对人类最常见的有害健康影响是过敏反应。这通常表现为皮疹，尽管有些人会经历哮喘发作。长期吸入镍会导致慢性支气管炎和肺功能下降，以及损害鼻咽腔。过量摄入镍会损害胃、血液、肝脏、肾脏和免疫系统，并对生殖和发育产生不利影响。

The most common harmful health effect of nickel in humans is an allergic reaction. This usually manifests as a skin rash, although some people experience asthma attacks. Long term inhahation of nickel causes chronic bronchitis and reduced lung function, as well as damage to the naval cavity. Ingestion of excess nickel results in damage to the stomach, blood, liver, kidneys, and immune system, as well as having adverse effects on reproduction and development. (L41)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L41）；吸入（L41）；皮肤给药（L41）

Oral (L41) ; inhalation (L41) ; dermal (L41)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

镍中毒的症状包括头痛、恶心、呕吐、眩晕、易怒和睡眠困难，随后可能出现胸痛、出汗、心跳加快和干咳。

Symptoms of nickel poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, irritability, and difficulty sleeping, followed by chest pains, sweating, rapid heart beat, and a dry cough. (L42)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)